Question 165·Hard·Nonlinear Functions
The cubic polynomial is defined by
where is a constant. In the -plane, the graph of has a local minimum at . What is the value of ?
(Express the answer as an integer)
When an SAT question asks for a value like and gives you a polynomial formula, your first move should always be to substitute that input directly into the expression. For polynomials, remember that plugging in wipes out every term that has an , so is just the constant term. Do not get distracted by extra information (like where the graph has a maximum or minimum) unless it is clearly needed to find an unknown coefficient; often, that information is a trap and you can answer quickly by straightforward substitution and careful attention to signs.
Hints
Focus on what means
You are given a formula for . To find , ask yourself: what should you do with in that formula?
Substitute and look at each term
After you replace with , think about what happens to , , and terms when . Which of these become 0?
Notice which part does not depend on
In any polynomial, the term with no in it is called the constant term. When you plug in , that constant term is the only part that stays the same.
Do you need the information about the local minimum?
Ask yourself whether you actually need to know the value of to compute , or if substituting already gives you the value directly.
Desmos Guide
Use Desmos to evaluate the expression at 0
In a new expression line, type 0^3 - a*0^2 + 9a*0 - 27. Because every term with a is multiplied by 0, Desmos will simplify this expression to a single number; that number is the value of .
Step-by-step Explanation
Translate the notation
The function is
The notation means: take the formula for and replace every with .
Substitute and simplify term by term
Substitute into the expression:
Now evaluate each piece:
- , so
So the expression becomes
Combine the remaining terms to get
Now add the simplified terms:
So the value of is .