Question 223·Medium·Nonlinear Equations in One Variable; Systems in Two Variables
What is the greater real solution to the equation
When you see fractional exponents that share the same denominator, look for a substitution that turns the equation into a polynomial in one variable. Here, recognize and set to get a quadratic in , which you can factor quickly. After solving for , reverse the substitution (cube the results) to find . Finally, check which of the resulting real solutions the question is asking for (smaller, greater, positive, etc.) so you pick the correct one efficiently.
Hints
Look at the exponents carefully
Notice that the exponents are and . How are these related, and can one be written in terms of the other?
Try a substitution
Let . What does become in terms of , and what kind of equation in do you get?
Solve and then undo the substitution
Once you have a quadratic in , factor it to find the values of . Then remember —what must you do to get ?
Compare the solutions
You should get two real values for . Make sure you identify which one is larger to answer the question.
Desmos Guide
Enter the function
Type f(x) = x^(2/3) - 5x^(1/3) + 6 into Desmos. Make sure you use parentheses like x^(1/3) for the cube root power.
Find the x-intercepts
Look at the graph of and identify where it crosses the x-axis (where ). You can tap on the x-intercepts or add a table to see the exact x-values of the roots.
Identify the greater solution
You should see two x-intercepts. Compare their x-values and note which one is larger; that is the greater real solution asked for in the question.
Step-by-step Explanation
Make a substitution to simplify the exponents
Notice that the exponents and are related: . Let . Then .
Substitute into the equation:
Now you have a quadratic equation in .
Solve the quadratic equation in the new variable
Factor the quadratic :
So the solutions for are
Undo the substitution to find x
Recall that , so
Cube both sides of each equation to solve for :
- If , then .
- If , then .
So the real solutions are and .
Choose the greater real solution
The two real solutions are and .
The greater real solution is , which corresponds to choice C.