Question 224·Medium·Nonlinear Equations in One Variable; Systems in Two Variables
Consider the system of equations
What is the sum of the -coordinates of all solutions to the system?
For systems where a line intersects a circle or other nonlinear graph, use substitution: solve the linear equation for one variable, substitute into the nonlinear equation, and reduce it to a single-variable equation (often a quadratic). Solve the quadratic (by factoring or the quadratic formula), then substitute back to get the missing coordinates. Finally, pay close attention to what the question is asking—such as a sum of coordinates—so you combine the values correctly rather than stopping at the individual solutions.
Hints
Use substitution
You are given . Try substituting this expression for into the equation so that you have an equation in terms of only.
Simplify carefully
After substitution, expand , combine like terms, and then see if you can simplify the equation (for example, by dividing all terms by the same number).
Solve the quadratic and go back to y
Once you have a quadratic equation in , factor it to find the two -values. Then plug each back into to get the corresponding -values.
Answer what is actually asked
The problem does not ask for the individual solutions , but for the sum of the -coordinates of the solutions. After finding both -values, add them together.
Desmos Guide
Graph the circle
In Desmos, type x^2 + y^2 = 25 to graph the circle of radius 5 centered at the origin.
Graph the line
In a new line, type y = x + 1 to graph the line that will intersect the circle at two points.
Find the intersection points
Click on each point where the line and circle intersect. Desmos will display the coordinates of both intersection points; note the two -values shown.
Compute the required sum
Add the two -values from the intersection points (you can even enter them in Desmos as y1 + y2 using their numerical values) and use that sum as your final answer.
Step-by-step Explanation
Substitute the line into the circle
From the second equation, . Substitute this expression for into the circle equation :
Now simplify this equation in terms of only.
Simplify and form a quadratic equation
Expand and combine like terms:
Divide every term by to make the equation simpler:
Now factor this quadratic.
Factor to find the x-coordinates
Factor :
So the possible -values are and . Next, find the corresponding -values using .
Find the y-coordinates and add them
Use for each value:
- If , then .
- If , then .
So the two solutions are and . The question asks for the sum of the -coordinates:
Therefore, the correct answer is .