Question 47·Medium·Linear Functions
The total amount , in dollars, that a tutor charges for hours of tutoring is modeled by a linear function. The tutor charges $90 for 2 hours of tutoring and $195 for 5 hours of tutoring.
What amount, in dollars, will the tutor charge for 8 hours of tutoring? (Disregard the $ sign when gridding your answer.)
(Express the answer as an integer)
For SAT linear-model problems with two data points, immediately treat them as points and compute the slope using . Once you have the constant rate, either (1) write the linear equation in slope-intercept or point-slope form and plug in the desired -value, or (2) use the rate to “step” from a known point to the target value (adding times the change in ). Choose the method that uses fewer steps mentally, and always check that your result is consistent with both original data points.
Hints
Represent the information mathematically
Think of the two pieces of information as points on a line: one for 2 hours and one for 5 hours. What are those ordered pairs ?
Use the idea of a constant rate
For a linear function, the rate of change (slope) is constant. Use the two points to find how much the cost increases per hour.
Move from known hours to 8 hours
Once you know the cost per hour, decide whether it’s easier to: (1) build an equation for , or (2) start from one of the known costs and add the cost of extra hours to reach 8 hours.
Desmos Guide
Find the hourly rate in Desmos
In a new expression line, type (195-90)/(5-2) and note the value Desmos gives. This is the constant hourly rate (slope).
Write the cost function in Desmos
In another line, type A(t) = 90 + ((195-90)/(5-2))*(t-2). This defines the linear function that goes through the point (2, 90) with the correct slope.
Evaluate the charge for 8 hours
In a new line, type A(8). The numerical result that appears is the total amount the tutor charges for 8 hours of tutoring.
Step-by-step Explanation
Translate the situation into points on a line
The amount the tutor charges, , is a linear function of the number of hours .
The two pieces of information given are:
- 2 hours costs $90 → point
- 5 hours costs $195 → point
We are asked to find the cost for 8 hours, which will be the value of on this same line.
Find the hourly rate (the slope)
Because the relationship is linear, the hourly rate is constant. This constant rate is the slope of the line through the two points.
Compute the slope:
So the tutor charges $35 per additional hour of tutoring.
Use the slope to extend the charges to 8 hours
There are two efficient ways to move from the known information to 8 hours.
Method 1: From 5 hours to 8 hours
- From 5 hours to 8 hours is 3 more hours.
- Each extra hour costs $35.
- Extra cost:
Add this to the 5-hour cost of $195:
Method 2: Write the linear equation
- A linear function with slope 35 has the form .
- Use point to find :
So . Then compute :
Both methods should give the same final total.
Compute the final charge
Finish either method:
- Method 1:
- Method 2:
So, the tutor will charge dollars for 8 hours of tutoring.