Question 2·Medium·Linear Functions
At 6 a.m., the outdoor temperature in a certain town was 58°F. For the next several hours, the temperature rose at a constant rate of 3°F every 2 hours. Which equation models the temperature , in degrees Fahrenheit, as a function of , the number of hours after 6 a.m. ?
For linear modeling word problems, first identify the starting value (the amount when time is 0) and the rate of change (how much the quantity changes per unit of time). Convert any “per several hours” rate to a per 1 hour rate by dividing, then plug these into the slope-intercept form . If unsure between answer choices, quickly test a simple time value (like ) in each equation to see which one matches the story’s described change.
Hints
Focus on the starting temperature
At (6 a.m.), what is the temperature? Which part of the equation should represent this value?
Understand the rate
The problem says the temperature rises 3°F every 2 hours. How many degrees does it rise in 1 hour? Write this as a fraction.
Match the rate to the equation
In an equation of the form , which part shows how fast the temperature changes per hour, and which part shows the starting temperature?
Desmos Guide
Enter the four candidate equations
In Desmos, use in place of . Enter each option on its own line:
y = 58 + (2/3)xy = 58 + 3xy = 58 + (3/2)xy = 58 + x/3
Check the starting value
For each equation, either look at the graph where or create a table (click the gear icon and select "Table"). Confirm that when , is 58 for all four lines, matching the temperature at 6 a.m.
Check the change after 2 hours
In the table for each line, enter (2 hours after 6 a.m.). The real situation says the temperature should be exactly 3°F higher than 58°F at this time. Identify which line’s table shows this correct increase from to ; that line represents the correct model.
Step-by-step Explanation
Identify the starting value
At 6 a.m., which corresponds to , the temperature was 58°F.
So when , we should have . This tells us the equation must have a as the constant term (the -intercept).
Convert the rate to “per hour”
The temperature rises 3°F every 2 hours.
To write a linear equation in the form , the coefficient must be the change in temperature per 1 hour.
Compute the rate per hour:
So the slope (rate) in our equation is . This will be the coefficient of .
Write the linear equation
A linear model with starting value 58°F and rate degree per hour has the form
So the correct equation is . This matches answer choice C.