Question 69·Hard·Linear Equations in One Variable
The equation below involves the constant .
The equation has no solution. What is the value of ?
(Express the answer as an integer)
When a parameter like appears in a linear equation and you are told the equation has no solution or infinitely many solutions, first rewrite both sides in the form . For an equation : if , there is one solution; if and , there is no solution; if and , there are infinitely many solutions. On the SAT, focus on quickly finding the coefficients of and the constants, set the relevant parts equal (here, the coefficients for the no-solution case), solve for the parameter, and then do a quick check of the constants to make sure they are different.
Hints
Start by simplifying each side
Distribute on the left side and on the right side so that both sides are written as something times plus a constant.
Put both sides in the form (coefficient of x)·x + (constant)
After expanding, identify the coefficient of and the constant term on each side. Think of each side as a line in with a slope and a vertical intercept.
Think about what 'no solution' means for two linear expressions
For an equation of the form to have no solution, what has to be true about and (the coefficients of ), and what has to be true about and (the constants)? Use that to set up an equation involving .
Set up and solve an equation for k
Use your answer from the previous hint to write an equation involving and . Solve that equation for , then check that the constant terms on the two sides are not equal for that value.
Desmos Guide
Graph the difference of the x-coefficients
In Desmos, type the expression y = (2x + 6) - (4x + 12). Here, the calculator’s variable x is playing the role of from the problem. The -values where this graph crosses the -axis are the values of that make and equal.
Find the k-value where coefficients match
Tap the point where the graph crosses the -axis (its intercept). Read off the -coordinate of that point; that number is the value of that makes the coefficients of on both sides equal.
Check that the constants are different for that k
Using the -value you found, type the corresponding constants into Desmos as separate expressions, for example -5*(that k value) - 8 and 1, and evaluate them. You should see two different numbers, confirming that with this the equation turns into a false statement and therefore has no solution.
Step-by-step Explanation
Expand and simplify the left-hand side
Start with the left side:
Distribute :
So the whole left side is
Now expand and simplify the constants:
So the left side becomes
Expand and simplify the right-hand side
Now simplify the right side:
Distribute :
So the right side becomes
The whole equation is now
Use the condition for a linear equation to have no solution
Think of each side as a line in :
- Left side: coefficient of is , constant term is .
- Right side: coefficient of is , constant term is .
For an equation of the form
to have no solution, the two lines must be parallel but not the same line. That means:
- The coefficients of must be equal (same slope).
- The constant terms must be different (different intercepts).
So first, set the coefficients of equal:
This equation will give the value of that makes the lines parallel.
Solve for k and verify that constants differ
Solve the equation from the previous step:
Subtract from both sides:
Subtract from both sides:
Divide by :
Now check the constant terms when :
- Left constant: .
- Right constant: .
The coefficients of are equal and the constants are and , which are different. That makes the equation become a false statement (), so it has no solution.
Therefore, the value of is .