Question 134·Medium·Linear Equations in One Variable
The equation has no solution, where is a constant. What is the value of ?
When a linear equation with a parameter is supposed to have 'no solution,' rewrite it in the standard form and express both and in terms of the parameter. Then apply the rule: for no solution in a linear equation, the coefficient of must be while the constant term is nonzero. Set the coefficient equal to to solve for the parameter, and quickly check that the constant term is not for that value. This is much faster and more reliable on the SAT than plugging in each answer choice.
Hints
Start by expanding
Distribute over on the left side so there are no parentheses.
Collect like terms on one side
Move all terms and constant terms to one side of the equation so it looks like .
Think about what 'no solution' means
For a linear equation of the form , what must be true about and so that there is no possible value of that makes the equation true?
Apply that condition to this problem
Identify the expressions that play the roles of and in your simplified equation, then set up equations/inequalities that match the 'no solution' condition.
Desmos Guide
Graph both sides as lines
In Desmos, enter the two expressions as functions of :
y = k(x - 4) + 8y = 3x + 2When you typek, Desmos will prompt you to add a slider for ; add that slider.
Use the slider to find parallel, non-overlapping lines
Adjust the slider and watch how the graph of changes. You want the two lines to have the same steepness (same slope) but different vertical positions so they never intersect. When the lines are clearly parallel and do not cross, note the value of on the slider.
Confirm there is no intersection
Click near where the lines might meet; Desmos normally labels intersection points. For the value you found, verify that Desmos does not show any intersection point between the two lines. The corresponding value is the one that makes the original equation have no solution.
Step-by-step Explanation
Distribute and simplify both sides
Start with the given equation:
Distribute on the left:
Move everything to one side
Subtract and from both sides to set the equation equal to :
Combine like terms:
- Combine and to get .
- Combine to get .
So the equation becomes:
Use the condition for "no solution"
Think of the equation in the form
- If , there is one solution: .
- If and , then and there are infinitely many solutions.
- If and , we get something impossible like , so there are no solutions.
In our equation
we have:
- Coefficient of :
- Constant term:
For no solution, we need:
- (so the term disappears), and
- (so we are left with a false statement like ).
Solve for k and check the constant term
First, set the coefficient of equal to :
Now check the constant term when :
So the equation becomes something like , that is , which is impossible. Therefore, the original equation has no solution only when . The correct answer is (choice D).