Question 90·Hard·Nonlinear Functions
Let , where and , . Define . For which value of is for all real ?
When you see an exponential function like combined in a pattern of shifted inputs (such as ), immediately rewrite each shifted term using the same base (for example, ). Then factor out the common so the problem reduces to a simple polynomial in . Because and , the exponential factor cannot be zero, so you only need to set the remaining polynomial factor equal to zero and solve. This approach avoids plugging in -values and quickly leads to the correct base .
Hints
Express the shifted function values
Start by writing and using the definition . How do the exponents change when you add 1 or 2 to ?
Substitute into and simplify
Plug your expressions for , , and into . Look for a common factor you can factor out.
Use the fact that is zero for all
After factoring, you should have as a product of and a quadratic in . Since and , which factor must be zero for to be zero for every real ?
Solve the quadratic in
Set the quadratic factor equal to zero and solve for . Check that your solution also satisfies the conditions and .
Desmos Guide
Translate the algebra into a simpler expression
From the algebraic work, simplifies to . For checking on Desmos, you only need to examine the factor (you can ignore and since they are never zero for the allowed values).
Use Desmos to test the quadratic factor
In Desmos, type the expression b^2 - 4b + 4. Then, for each answer choice, replace b with that value (for example, (1/2)^2 - 4*(1/2) + 4, (sqrt(2))^2 - 4*sqrt(2) + 4, 2^2 - 4*2 + 4, and 4^2 - 4*4 + 4).
Identify which choice makes the factor zero
Look at the numerical result for each substitution. The correct value of is the one that makes the expression b^2 - 4b + 4 equal to 0, since that would make equal to 0 for all real .
Step-by-step Explanation
Write and in terms of , , and
We are given .
Use this to write the shifted inputs:
Keep as is. We will substitute these into next.
Substitute into and factor
Now substitute the expressions from Step 1 into
We get
Factor out the common factor :
So is a product of and the quadratic expression .
Use the condition for all real to solve for
We are told , , and . For any such and , the factor is never for any real .
Therefore, the only way can equal for all real is if the other factor is zero:
Factor this quadratic:
Set it equal to :
This value satisfies and , so the correct choice is (answer C).