Question 20·Medium·Nonlinear Functions
For the quadratic function , the table shows three values of and their corresponding values of . Which equation defines ?
When a function is given by a table and the answer choices are specific formulas, use substitution and elimination: first plug in easy values like to quickly find or confirm the constant term, then either solve for remaining coefficients using the other points or, even faster, plug each given -value into the answer choices and eliminate any that do not produce all the listed -values. This targeted checking is usually much quicker and less error-prone than trying to guess or memorize forms.
Hints
Start with the easiest x-value
Look at the row where . What does tell you about the constant term in a quadratic ?
Use the remaining points to create equations
Once you know , rewrite the quadratic as . Then plug in and using the table values to form equations involving and .
Solve the system or test choices
You can either solve the two equations for and , or plug and into each answer choice and see which one produces and .
Desmos Guide
Create the table from the problem
Enter the three points from the table as a table in Desmos: in one expression line create a table and enter -values , , and in the left column and the corresponding -values , , and in the right column.
Graph each candidate function
On separate lines, type each option as a function, for example y = 3x^2 + 3x + 14, y = 5x^2 + x + 14, y = 9x^2 - x + 14, and y = x^2 + 5x + 14 so that all four graphs appear on the same coordinate plane.
Compare function values to the table
For each function, click on the graph at , , and (or use a table of values for each function) and compare the -values to , , and . The correct equation is the one whose graph passes through all three data points from the original table.
Step-by-step Explanation
Use the value at x = 0 to find the constant term
A quadratic in standard form looks like .
From the table, . Plugging into gives .
So , which matches all four answer choices, so we need more information to distinguish them.
Write equations using the other two points
Now use the other two points with the general form .
From , :
From , :
So we have a system of two equations:
Solve for a and b
Add the two equations to eliminate :
Now plug into :
So the quadratic must have , , and .
Write the function and match it to a choice
Substitute , , and into to get
This matches choice D, so the correct answer is .