Question 180·Hard·Nonlinear Functions
The function is defined for all real numbers by
where , , and are constants. The values of at , and are , , and , respectively.
What is the value of ?
For exponential-function questions with several function values given, first look for a multiplicative pattern (ratios) in the outputs as the inputs change by a constant amount; if the same ratio repeats, extend that pattern to the requested x-value instead of solving for all parameters algebraically. Only if the pattern is unclear should you set up equations from the function definition, eliminate constants strategically (like subtracting equations to remove c), and solve for the needed value with minimal algebra rather than fully determining every constant.
Hints
Check how the outputs change
Compare to and to . Are you adding a constant amount or multiplying by a constant factor each time?
Relate the pattern to x-values
Notice that when increases by 2, the function value is multiplied by the same number. What should happen to when goes from 4 to 6?
Connect to the exponential form
For , use the equations from to eliminate and find . Then use that to predict without fully solving for all constants if you prefer.
Desmos Guide
Use the ratio pattern to compute f(6)
In Desmos, first verify the growth factor: type 27/9 and 81/27; you should see they are the same number. Then, to extend the pattern from to , type 81 * 3 into Desmos and use the value that appears as the function value at .
(Alternate) Verify using the exponential formula
To confirm the algebraic model, you can type 9*e^((ln(3)/2)*6) into Desmos (this corresponds to ). The output of this expression is the value of .
Step-by-step Explanation
Look for a pattern in the given function values
You are given three values: , , and .
Check how the outputs change as increases by 2:
- From to : .
- From to : .
So, every time increases by 2, the value of is multiplied by 3. This is the hallmark of an exponential pattern.
Extend the exponential pattern to x = 6
From to , again increases by 2. Based on the pattern you found, should be multiplied by 3 once more.
So starting from and increasing by 2, compute by multiplying 81 by 3.
(Optional) Check that this matches the given exponential form
To confirm, assume fits the pattern.
- At : .
- At : .
- At : .
Subtract from and to eliminate :
- .
- .
Divide the second equation by the first:
Then and . From and with :
- ,
- . Solving gives and , so , which matches the pattern you used.
Now use the pattern from Step 2: , so the correct answer is 243.