Question 174·Hard·Nonlinear Functions
The function is defined by , where and are constants with and . In the -plane, the graph of passes through the point , and the tangent line to the graph at this point has slope . What is the value of ?
(Express the answer as an integer)
For questions involving an exponential function with unknown base and information about a tangent slope, first recall the derivative formula: the derivative of is . Use the given point to plug into the original function if needed, and use the given slope to plug into the derivative at that -value, creating an equation in the unknown base. Then apply log properties (especially ) to turn the equation into an exponential equation that you can solve, often by recognizing a familiar power like or trying small integer values systematically. This approach keeps the work organized and avoids guessing randomly.
Hints
Use the given point
Start by plugging and into to get a simple equation relating and .
Use the slope information
Recall that the slope of the tangent line at a point is given by the derivative at that -value. You need and specifically .
Differentiate the exponential
For a constant base , the derivative of is not a power rule; it is . Use this to write and set equal to the given slope .
Solve the equation involving c and logarithms
Once you have an equation like , use log properties (such as ) to rewrite it in a more recognizable exponential form, then look for a simple value of that works.
Desmos Guide
Graph the function x ln x
In Desmos, enter the function f(x) = x*ln(x) to represent the left-hand side .
Graph the constant right-hand side
Enter a second expression g(x) = 8*ln(2); this will appear as a horizontal line at the height .
Find the intersection point
Use the intersection tool (tap on the point where the graphs meet) to find the x-coordinate where f(x) and g(x) intersect; that x-value is the value of that satisfies .
Step-by-step Explanation
Use the point on the graph to relate c and d
The function is defined as . Since the graph passes through , plug in and :
So we know
We will use this later only to check our work; it is not needed to find directly.
Find the derivative of g(x) and use the given slope
To use the slope of the tangent line, we need the derivative of .
For an exponential function with constant base , the derivative of is . So
The tangent slope at is , which is given as :
Now we have an equation involving only :
Rewrite the equation using log properties
Use the property .
Apply it to both sides of :
- Left side: .
- Right side: .
So the equation becomes
Because the natural log function is one-to-one (if , then ), we get
Solve c^c = 256 by inspection
We look for a positive number such that . Try small integer values:
This matches the required value, so .
Therefore, the value of is 4.