Question 144·Hard·Nonlinear Functions
A lidless box with a square base is to be constructed using square centimeters of material for the base and four side faces. If the side length of the square base is centimeters, which function gives the volume of the box, in cubic centimeters, in terms of ?
For box-and-container modeling questions, first sketch the shape and label key dimensions (here, base side and height ). Translate the wording about material or surface area into an equation (base area plus side areas equals the given total), then solve that equation to write any extra variable (like ) in terms of the one variable used in the answer choices. Finally, plug this expression into the standard volume formula (base area times height) and simplify algebraically until it matches one of the options; avoid plugging in random numbers, which is slower and more error-prone than keeping everything symbolic.
Hints
Express the total material area
Write an equation for the total area of the base plus the four sides using for the base side length and for the box’s height. Remember: base area is , and each side is a rectangle of dimensions by .
Solve the area equation for the height
From your total area equation, isolate so that is written in terms of . Make sure you divide by the correct factor (it should include both a 4 and an ).
Write volume using only x
Use . Substitute your expression for into this formula and simplify the result. Then look for the answer choice whose formula matches your simplified expression.
Desmos Guide
Express the height in terms of x
In Desmos, enter the relation for the material constraint and solve for . For example, start from on paper, then in Desmos type an expression like h = (1200 - x^2)/(4x) so that is defined in terms of .
Define the actual volume from geometry
In a new line, define the geometric volume using this height, for example: V_actual(x) = x^2 * h. Desmos will now compute the true volume for any you choose (use the slider feature for ).
Compare each answer choice to the true volume
Enter four more functions corresponding to the choices, such as VA(x) = x^2*(1200 - x)/4, VB(x) = 4x*(1200 - x^2), VC(x) = (1200 - x^2)^2/(4x), and VD(x) = x*(1200 - x^2)/4. For several values, compare each to V_actual(x) in a table or by overlaying graphs; the choice whose values always match V_actual(x) is the correct formula.
Step-by-step Explanation
Model the box and write volume in terms of base and height
The box has a square base of side length and height (unknown).
- Base area = .
- Volume of the box is
Right now, is in terms of and . We need in terms of only, so we must express in terms of .
Use the material (surface area) constraint to find the height
The cm of material is used for:
- the square base (area ), and
- the four side faces.
Each side face is a rectangle of width and height , so its area is . There are 4 sides, so total side area is .
So the total material area is
Solve this for :
Now we have written in terms of .
Substitute for h and simplify to get V(x)
Substitute into :
Simplify by canceling an factor from and the in the denominator:
This matches choice D, so the correct function is .