Question 71·Medium·Nonlinear Equations in One Variable; Systems in Two Variables
The system of equations is given.
What is one possible value of that satisfies the system?
When a system pairs a nonlinear equation (like a circle) with a linear equation, use substitution: solve the linear equation for one variable and plug that expression into the nonlinear equation to get a single-variable equation. Simplify carefully to a standard quadratic form, then factor if possible (it is usually chosen to factor nicely on the SAT); if factoring is hard, use the quadratic formula. Finally, check whether the problem wants all solutions or just one possible value, and report your answer accordingly.
Hints
Use the relationship between x and y
The second equation directly gives y in terms of x. How can you use in the first equation ?
Form an equation with only x
After you substitute into , you will get an equation involving only x. Expand and combine like terms.
Solve the quadratic
Once you simplify, you should get a quadratic equation of the form . Think of two numbers that multiply to and add to so you can factor and solve for x.
Desmos Guide
Enter the equations
In Desmos, type x^2 + y^2 = 25 on one line (this is the circle) and y = x + 1 on another line (this is the line). Both graphs should appear on the coordinate plane.
Find the intersection points
Zoom or pan as needed until you can see where the line crosses the circle. Click on each intersection point that Desmos highlights to see its coordinates.
Read the x-coordinate
For each intersection point, note the x-coordinate shown by Desmos; these x-values are the solutions to the system. Any one of these x-values that satisfies both equations is an acceptable answer to the problem.
Step-by-step Explanation
Substitute for y to get one equation in x
We are given the system:
Use substitution: replace y in the first equation with the expression from the second equation, .
That gives:
Expand and simplify the equation
Now expand and combine like terms.
, so
Combine like terms:
which simplifies to
Subtract 25 from both sides:
Divide the whole equation by 2 to make it simpler:
Factor the quadratic equation
Now factor the quadratic .
Look for two numbers that multiply to and add to . These numbers are and , because and .
So the factoring is:
Solve for x and choose a valid value
Set each factor equal to zero:
So
Both of these values, when paired with , satisfy . Since the question asks for one possible value of , is a correct answer.