Question 42·Hard·Nonlinear Equations in One Variable; Systems in Two Variables
What is the product of all real solutions to the equation above?
When an equation involves both an absolute value and a square root, first restrict the domain so the square root is defined, then take advantage of the fact that both sides are nonnegative to square the equation and remove the absolute value and radical. Simplify to a quadratic, solve (or at least identify its coefficients), verify which roots satisfy the original equation, and, if the question asks for the product of solutions, use the product-of-roots shortcut to avoid extra computation.
Hints
Think about the domain
Because there is a square root, ask yourself: for what values of is nonnegative? That tells you which values are even possible solutions.
Eliminate the absolute value and the square root
Both and are . Once you restrict so that , you can square both sides to remove the absolute value and the square root. What equation do you get after squaring and simplifying?
Use the quadratic structure
After squaring and simplifying, you get a quadratic equation. You can solve it with the quadratic formula, but to find the product of its solutions more quickly, recall that for , the product of the roots is .
Check that all roots are valid
Solving the quadratic gives candidate solutions. Make sure each one actually satisfies the original equation with the absolute value and square root before including it in the product.
Desmos Guide
Graph both sides of the equation
In Desmos, enter y = abs(x - 4) on one line and y = sqrt(9 - x) on another line. These represent the left and right sides of the equation.
Locate the intersection points
Zoom or pan the graph so both curves are clearly visible. Tap/click where the graphs intersect, or use Desmos’s intersection tool, to find the coordinates of all intersection points; note the x-values of these points, since they are the real solutions.
Compute the product of the solutions
In a new Desmos expression line, type the product of the intersection x-values (for example, if they are and , type a*b). Desmos will display the numerical value of this product; compare that value with the answer choices.
Step-by-step Explanation
Use the domain and remove the square root/absolute value
Because of the square root, the expression inside it must be nonnegative:
- , so .
Also, both and are always , so we can square both sides (we will still check solutions afterward):
which simplifies to
Expand and form a quadratic equation
Now expand and move all terms to one side:
Add to both sides and subtract from both sides:
So any solution of the original equation must satisfy the quadratic
Find the candidate solutions of the quadratic
Use the quadratic formula on :
So the quadratic has two real roots:
These are the candidate solutions for the original equation.
Check that both candidates satisfy the original equation
We must make sure these values actually satisfy .
First note:
- , so (which is and ).
- (which is and ).
Now check each approximately in the original equation:
- For :
- For :
In both cases, the left and right sides match, so both and are real solutions of the original equation.
Find the product of all real solutions
The equation has solutions and , and we have confirmed both are valid.
For a quadratic , the product of the roots is . Here and , so
Therefore, the product of all real solutions to is , which corresponds to choice C.