Question 27·Hard·Nonlinear Equations in One Variable; Systems in Two Variables
Consider the system of equations
How many distinct real ordered pairs satisfy the system?
For systems where one equation already has a variable isolated (like ), substitute that into the other equation to get a single equation in one variable. If you end up with a quartic that only uses and , set to turn it into a quadratic, solve using the quadratic formula, and then keep only nonnegative values because . Finally, convert each valid back to (remember that with gives two real values) and plug into the original linear equation (here ) to count how many distinct ordered pairs you get, which is often all the question asks for.
Hints
Use the equation that is already solved for one variable
One equation already gives in terms of . How can you use that to rewrite the other equation so it only has in it?
Expect a higher-degree equation and simplify it
After you substitute for , you will see an term. Try expanding carefully and then look for a way to rewrite the equation using so it becomes a simpler quadratic.
Think about which values are allowed
When you solve the quadratic in , remember that . Which of the solutions for make sense for a square? How many values of come from each acceptable ?
Connect solutions to pairs
Once you know all real that work, plug them back into . How many different ordered pairs does that give you?
Desmos Guide
Graph the circle
In Desmos, enter the equation x^2 + y^2 = 10 to graph the circle centered at the origin with radius .
Graph the parabola
On a new line, enter y = x^2 - 2 to graph the parabola that opens upward and is shifted down by 2 units.
Find the intersection points
Click on the points where the circle and the parabola intersect. Desmos will highlight each intersection point and show its coordinates.
Count the real solutions
Count how many distinct intersection points appear. Each intersection corresponds to a real ordered pair that satisfies the system; this count is the answer.
Step-by-step Explanation
Substitute to get one equation in one variable
Use the second equation, , and substitute it into the first equation .
That gives:
Now the equation involves only , so we can solve for .
Simplify using a substitution for
Expand and simplify the equation:
So
Let . Then the equation becomes a quadratic:
Now solve this quadratic for .
Solve the quadratic for and keep only valid values
Use the quadratic formula on :
So the two possible values for (which equals ) are
Since , only nonnegative values are allowed.
Note that , so is negative and therefore is negative, which cannot equal .
Thus there is exactly one valid value of , namely .
Find the corresponding pairs and count them
From , there are two real values:
For each , compute using :
So the two solution pairs are
There are two distinct real ordered pairs that satisfy the system, so the correct choice is Exactly two.