Question 233·Medium·Nonlinear Equations in One Variable; Systems in Two Variables
Consider the system of equations:
What is the value of ?
For a system with a line and a circle where you’re asked for an expression like , first use substitution to reduce the system to a single quadratic equation in one variable. Solve the quadratic (usually by factoring), then use the linear equation to find each corresponding . Because a line and circle can intersect in two points, always check both solutions and compute the requested expression for each; if they match, that common value is your answer. Stay focused on the exact expression asked for (here ), not on related ones like or .
Hints
Use substitution
You know in terms of . Try substituting into the other equation so that you have only one variable.
Form and solve a quadratic
After substitution, you should get an equation involving only . Simplify it into standard quadratic form and solve for by factoring.
Remember there are two points
Each value gives a corresponding using . You will have two pairs; compute for both and notice what they have in common.
Desmos Guide
Graph the line
In Desmos, enter the equation y = x + 1 to graph the line.
Graph the circle
In a new line, enter x^2 + y^2 = 25 to graph the circle of radius 5 centered at the origin.
Find the intersection points
Click on each point where the line and the circle intersect. Desmos will display the coordinates of each intersection as and (with specific numbers).
Compute the product from an intersection
Pick one intersection point and note its coordinates, say . In a new expression line, type a * b using those specific numbers. The output is the value of ; if you repeat with the other intersection point, you will see the product is the same.
Step-by-step Explanation
Substitute the line into the circle equation
Use the first equation and substitute into the second equation .
Now expand .
Simplify to get a quadratic in
Expand and combine like terms:
Subtract 25 from both sides:
Divide the entire equation by 2:
Solve the quadratic and find the points
Factor the quadratic:
So or .
Use to find each :
- If , then .
- If , then .
The two intersection points are and .
Compute for each solution and conclude
Now find for each point:
- For , .
- For , .
Both products are equal to , so the value of is .