Question 228·Medium·Nonlinear Equations in One Variable; Systems in Two Variables
In the -plane, the graphs of and intersect at two points. What is the sum of the -coordinates of the points of intersection?
For intersection problems between two graphs, immediately set the equations equal to each other, because at intersection points the -values match. Rearrange to get a single equation, and if it is a quadratic and the question asks for the sum of the -coordinates (not the individual values), use Vieta's formula instead of solving the quadratic by factoring or the quadratic formula. This saves time and reduces arithmetic errors on the SAT.
Hints
Connect intersections to solving equations
Points of intersection have the same and values in both equations. How can you use this fact to create a single equation in ?
Form a quadratic equation
After you set the two expressions for equal, rearrange the equation so that it looks like . What are , , and in your new equation?
Use the sum of roots shortcut
For a quadratic , there is a direct formula for the sum of the solutions in terms of and . Recall that formula so you can find the sum without solving for each solution individually.
Desmos Guide
Graph the parabola
In the first expression line, type y = x^2 - 5x + 6 to graph the parabola.
Graph the line
In the second expression line, type y = 2x - 2 to graph the line on the same axes.
Find the intersection points
Click on each point where the line and the parabola intersect; Desmos will display their coordinates and . Note the two -values.
Compute the sum of the -coordinates
In a new expression line, type the sum of the two -values you observed (for example, if the -values were and , type a + b with the actual numbers). The resulting value is the sum of the -coordinates of the intersection points.
Step-by-step Explanation
Set the equations equal to find intersection points
The points of intersection have the same - and -values in both equations, so set the right sides equal:
Move all terms to one side to get a quadratic equation:
The solutions to this quadratic are the -coordinates of the intersection points.
Identify the quadratic’s coefficients
Write the quadratic in standard form .
Here, compared to :
These coefficients will help you find the sum of the solutions without solving the quadratic completely.
Recall the relationship between coefficients and the sum of solutions
For any quadratic equation with solutions (roots) and :
- The sum of the solutions is
This is known as Vieta's formula. In this problem, and are the -coordinates of the intersection points.
Apply the formula to get the sum of the intersection -coordinates
Use and in the formula :
So, the sum of the -coordinates of the points of intersection is , which corresponds to choice C.