Question 211·Medium·Nonlinear Equations in One Variable; Systems in Two Variables
Positive real numbers , , and satisfy
Which equation correctly expresses in terms of and ?
For equations of the form , first combine the fractions on one side using a common denominator (here, ) to rewrite the sum as a single fraction. Then set this fraction equal to and solve for by taking the reciprocal of both sides. On the SAT, work symbolically and watch for common mistakes: mixing up addition and subtraction in the numerator and forgetting to take the reciprocal at the end.
Hints
Combine the left-hand fractions
First, focus on and rewrite it as a single fraction. What common denominator can you use for and ?
Write with the common denominator
Once you choose as the common denominator, rewrite each fraction with denominator and add their numerators.
Relate the single fraction to
After you combine the fractions, you will have something like a single fraction equal to . How can you turn an equation of the form into an expression for ?
Use reciprocals to isolate
If you know equals some fraction in and , think about what happens when you take the reciprocal of both sides of the equation.
Desmos Guide
Pick specific values for q and r
In Desmos, choose simple positive numbers for and , such as typing q = 2 and r = 3 on separate lines so Desmos assigns those values.
Compute the value of s from the original equation
Use the relationship . In Desmos, type 1/(1/q + 1/r) on a new line; the numeric output is the value that must have for your chosen and .
Evaluate each answer choice’s expression
On new lines, type each choice’s right-hand side using your and : (q + r)/(q*r), q*r/(q + r), q*r/(q - r), and (q - r)/(q*r). Compare each numeric result with the value from step 2 and note which expression matches it exactly.
Confirm with a second example
Change and to different positive values (for example, q = 4, r = 5) and repeat steps 2–3. The correct formula for will match the computed value of for every choice of positive and , while the others will not.
Step-by-step Explanation
Understand the goal
You are given
and asked to rewrite this so that is alone on one side in terms of and only. To do this, first turn the sum on the left into a single fraction.
Combine the fractions on the left side
Use the common denominator to add the two fractions:
So the left side simplifies to a single fraction with numerator and denominator .
Set the simplified fraction equal to
Replace the left side of the original equation with the simplified fraction:
Now you have an equation directly relating to and .
Solve for by taking reciprocals
Because , , and are positive, you can safely take reciprocals of both sides of the equation:
Taking reciprocals gives
So the correct expression is , which matches choice B.