Question 17·Medium·Nonlinear Equations in One Variable; Systems in Two Variables
The equation above relates the numbers and , where and . Which equation correctly expresses in terms of ?
When you’re asked to “express one variable in terms of another” and you see a fraction, first clear the denominator by multiplying both sides by it, then expand and collect all terms containing the target variable on one side. Factor that variable out, divide by the remaining factor, and watch signs and constants carefully—most wrong choices on the SAT come from small distribution or sign errors in these algebraic rearrangements.
Hints
Get rid of the denominator
You see in the equation. What can you multiply both sides by so that the denominator disappears?
Group like terms
After you clear the fraction, expand the left side and then move all the terms that contain to one side of the equation and the terms without to the other.
Factor and isolate m
Once you have something like , factor and then divide to solve for in terms of .
Desmos Guide
Graph the original relationship
In Desmos, type y = 5x/(x-3). This graphs the relationship between (on the y-axis) and (on the x-axis).
Rearrange to find m in terms of k
The algebraic solution gives . Type y = 3x/(x-5) to see as a function of , or verify by checking that swapping variables gives an equivalent relationship.
Verify with test values
Pick a value of (not 5), find where it intersects y = 5x/(x-3), and verify that the x-coordinate matches 3k/(k-5) for your chosen .
Step-by-step Explanation
Clear the fraction
Start with the given equation:
To remove the denominator, multiply both sides by :
Now there is no fraction, and you can work with a linear equation in .
Distribute and collect all m-terms together
Distribute on the left side:
Now get all the terms on one side by subtracting from both sides:
Both terms on the left now contain .
Factor out m and solve for it
Factor out of the left side:
Now isolate by dividing both sides by (this is allowed because the problem states ):
So the correct equation expressing in terms of is , which corresponds to choice D.