Question 150·Hard·Nonlinear Equations in One Variable; Systems in Two Variables
Consider the system of equations
Which of the following is a solution for in the system above?
For systems with a line and a nonlinear equation like a parabola, immediately use substitution: rewrite the linear equation to express one variable (usually ) in terms of the other, set that equal to the nonlinear expression, and reduce to a single equation in one variable. Then solve the resulting quadratic carefully—either by factoring if it’s simple or by using the quadratic formula—being precise with the discriminant and the denominator . Finally, compare your algebraic solutions directly with the answer choices, paying close attention to signs and denominators, and remember that a system can have two, one, or no real solutions, but the SAT may list only one of them in the options.
Hints
Connect the two equations using y
Notice that one equation already gives in terms of , and the other can easily be rewritten to give as well. How can you use that to write a single equation involving only ?
Form and simplify a quadratic equation
After you substitute and set the expressions for equal, you should expand and collect like terms. Do you end up with a quadratic equation of the form ?
Solve the quadratic and compare to the choices
Use the quadratic formula on your quadratic equation. Once you get expressions for involving , compare them carefully to each answer choice, paying attention to both the numerator and the denominator.
Desmos Guide
Graph both equations
In Desmos, enter the two equations as
y = (x - 3)^2 + 1y = 7 - x
This will plot a parabola and a line on the same coordinate plane.
Find the intersection points
Use Desmos’s intersection feature (click or tap where the graphs cross, or tap on one graph and select the intersection) to see the coordinates of the intersection points. Note the -values of these intersection points, since those are the -solutions of the system.
Compare answer choices numerically
Type each answer choice into Desmos as a separate expression to see its decimal value, and compare these values to the -coordinates of the intersection points from step 2. The choice whose value matches one of the intersection -values is the correct answer.
Step-by-step Explanation
Use both equations to get one equation in x
The system is
Since both equations involve , write the second equation as and set the two expressions for equal:
Now you have a single equation in terms of .
Expand and simplify to a standard quadratic
First expand :
Substitute this into the equation:
Combine like terms on the left:
Move everything to one side to put the equation in standard quadratic form :
So the equation you need to solve is .
Prepare to use the quadratic formula
For the quadratic equation , identify , , and :
The quadratic formula is
Compute the discriminant :
So the solutions will involve .
Find the x-values and match to an answer choice
Substitute , , and the discriminant into the quadratic formula:
So the two -values that satisfy the system are
The question asks which of the answer choices is a solution for ; among the options, only appears, so the correct choice is .