Question 114·Hard·Nonlinear Equations in One Variable; Systems in Two Variables
The system of equations is given by
What is the sum of all possible -coordinates of the solutions to the system?
(Express the answer as an integer)
For systems involving a circle and an absolute value equation, first rewrite the absolute value equation in a more usable form (such as ) and substitute into the circle equation to reduce it to one variable. Use a substitution like to turn the equation into a standard quadratic, solve for , and then translate back to all possible -values (both positive and negative). Finally, when the question asks for a sum of -coordinates, look for symmetry: if solutions come in opposite pairs and and there is no solution with , their contributions cancel, which can save time.
Hints
Solve for one variable first
From the equation , try isolating in terms of . Then you can substitute this expression into the other equation.
Handle the absolute value cleanly
After substituting into , notice that . It can help to temporarily replace with a new variable like to avoid confusion.
Think about all corresponding -values
Once you find , remember that usually corresponds to two -values: and . Consider what this means when you add all possible -coordinates.
Desmos Guide
Graph the circle
In Desmos, enter x^2 + y^2 = 25 to graph the circle with radius 5 centered at the origin.
Graph the absolute value line
Enter y = 7 - abs(x) to graph the V-shaped line corresponding to .
Find the intersection points
Click on each point where the circle and the V-shaped graph intersect. Desmos will display the coordinates of these intersection points; note down all of their -coordinates.
Compute the sum of the -coordinates
Add the -values from all intersection points (you can type an expression like x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 using the recorded -values into a new line in Desmos) and use this result as your final answer.
Step-by-step Explanation
Understand the shapes and symmetry
The first equation is a circle centered at the origin with radius .
The second equation can be rewritten as , which is a V-shaped graph opening downward and symmetric about the -axis.
Both graphs are symmetric with respect to the -axis. This means that if is a solution, then will also be a solution, as long as .
Use substitution to remove the absolute value
From , solve for :
Substitute this into the circle equation :
Notice that , so the equation depends only on , not on the sign of .
Turn it into a quadratic in and find possible -values
Let (so ). Then
Expand and simplify:
Set this equal to :
Subtract from both sides:
Divide by :
Factor:
So or . Since , this gives or , so the possible -values are (all of which you can quickly check satisfy both original equations).
Add the -coordinates
Now add all the possible -coordinates:
So, the sum of all possible -coordinates of the solutions to the system is 0.