Question 104·Medium·Nonlinear Equations in One Variable; Systems in Two Variables
The system of equations below involves real numbers and .
What is the larger possible value of ?
For systems where one equation is linear and the other is nonlinear (like a circle), substitution is usually the fastest method: solve the linear equation for one variable, substitute into the nonlinear equation, and simplify to a single-variable equation, often a quadratic. Put the quadratic into standard form, use factoring if it is easy or the quadratic formula if not, and then carefully choose the solution that fits what the question asks (for example, the larger value, a positive value, or a value in a given interval). Always verify by plugging back into the original equations if you have time.
Hints
Use substitution
You are given . Try substituting this expression for into the equation so you only have one variable.
Form and solve a quadratic equation
After substituting, expand , combine like terms, and move everything to one side so the equation looks like .
Choose the correct root
When you apply the quadratic formula, you will get two values for . Use the context of the question: it specifically asks for the larger possible value of .
Desmos Guide
Enter the equations
In Desmos, type y = x + 1 on one line and x^2 + y^2 = 65 on another line. Desmos will graph a straight line and a circle.
Find the intersection points
Look for the points where the line and the circle intersect. Click or tap on each intersection point to see its coordinates .
Identify the larger x-value
Compare the -coordinates of the two intersection points. The larger of these -values is the answer the question is asking for.
Step-by-step Explanation
Substitute to get one equation in x
Use the second equation to replace in the first equation.
Substitute :
Now expand :
Combine like terms:
Subtract from both sides and simplify:
So must satisfy .
Set up the quadratic formula
You now have the quadratic equation
In the standard form , we have , , and .
The quadratic formula says
Substitute , , and into the formula (but do not simplify completely yet):
Simplify under the square root and estimate the solutions
First simplify the expression under the square root (the discriminant):
So the square root part is . Its approximate value is
Using this approximate value in the quadratic formula, the two solutions for are approximately
The problem asks for the larger possible value of , so we will take the positive solution and then write it in exact form.
Write the larger solution in exact form and match the choice
From the quadratic formula with discriminant , the exact solutions are
The larger solution corresponds to using the plus sign in the numerator (since ), so the larger possible value of is
This matches answer choice D.