Question 33·Hard·Equivalent Expressions
Suppose
for all real values of such that the denominator is nonzero, where , , and are constants. What is the value of ?
For rational expressions set equal for all permissible x, the key is to clear denominators by multiplying both sides by the common denominator, turning the equation into a polynomial identity. Then expand the products carefully, collect like terms, and match coefficients of corresponding powers of x to solve for the unknown constants; this avoids plugging in values and is both fast and reliable on the SAT.
Hints
Remove the fractions
Try multiplying both sides of the equation by so that you get a polynomial equation without denominators.
Focus on the numerator
After clearing the denominator, you will get an equation of the form . Work out what that "something" is by expanding and then adding 5.
Compare like terms
Once you have both sides written as polynomials in standard form , compare the coefficients of on both sides to identify .
Desmos Guide
Use Desmos to expand the numerator expression
In a new expression line, type (x+4)*(x^2+3x+2)+5 and press Enter. Desmos will display the expanded polynomial in standard form. The coefficient of x in this expanded polynomial is the value of .
Step-by-step Explanation
Clear the denominator
Start from the given equation:
Multiply both sides by the common denominator (which is nonzero in the domain) to remove the fractions:
Expand the product on the right side
Now expand term by term:
Combine like terms:
Now include the +5:
Match coefficients to find b
From Step 1, we have
and from Step 2, the right side simplifies to
So we must have
Matching coefficients of like powers of :
- Coefficient of :
- Coefficient of :
- Constant term:
Therefore, the value of is .