Question 33·Hard·Equivalent Expressions
Suppose
for all real values of such that the denominator is nonzero, where , , and are constants. What is the value of ?
(Express the answer as an integer)
For rational expressions set equal for all permissible x, the key is to clear denominators by multiplying both sides by the common denominator, turning the equation into a polynomial identity. Then expand the products carefully, collect like terms, and match coefficients of corresponding powers of x to solve for the unknown constants; this avoids plugging in values and is both fast and reliable on the SAT.
Hints
Remove the fractions
Try multiplying both sides of the equation by so that you get a polynomial equation without denominators.
Focus on the numerator
After clearing the denominator, you will get an equation of the form . Work out what that "something" is by expanding and then adding 5.
Compare like terms
Once you have both sides written as polynomials in standard form , compare the coefficients of on both sides to identify .
Desmos Guide
Use Desmos to expand the numerator expression
In a new expression line, type (x+4)*(x^2+3x+2)+5 and press Enter. Desmos will display the expanded polynomial in standard form. The coefficient of x in this expanded polynomial is the value of .
Step-by-step Explanation
Clear the denominator
Start from the given equation:
Multiply both sides by the common denominator (which is nonzero in the domain) to remove the fractions:
Expand the product on the right side
Now expand term by term:
Combine like terms:
Now include the +5:
Match coefficients to find b
From Step 1, we have
and from Step 2, the right side simplifies to
So we must have
Matching coefficients of like powers of :
- Coefficient of :
- Coefficient of :
- Constant term:
Therefore, the value of is .