Question 189·Hard·Equivalent Expressions
Which of the following expressions has as a factor for some positive integer value of ?
When a question says an expression "has as a factor," immediately think: plugging in must give 0. For expressions with a parameter (like ), substitute into a general form, simplify, and set the result equal to 0 to get an equation in . Solve for in terms of the unknown coefficient, then quickly test each answer’s coefficient, checking which one makes a positive integer. This avoids full factoring of each quadratic and saves time.
Hints
Connect factors to roots
If is a factor of a polynomial in , what must happen when you plug in ? Think about the Factor Theorem.
Use the common structure of the choices
Notice that every option looks like for some number . Try substituting into this general form instead of doing each option from scratch.
Turn the condition into an equation for
After substituting , set the expression equal to and solve for in terms of . Then plug in each option’s and see which one gives a positive integer value for .
Desmos Guide
Create a slider for a
In Desmos, type a=1. Desmos will prompt you to add a slider for a. Make sure the slider step is set to 1 and that it covers several positive integers (for example, from 1 to 10).
Enter the substituted expressions for each choice
For each option, substitute and type the resulting expression as a function of . For example, for choice A type f_A(a) = 2(3a)^2 + 17(3a) + 15a, and similarly define expressions for the other choices with their respective -coefficients.
Use the slider and observe when the value is zero
Move the a slider through positive integers and watch the values of each expression. The correct choice is the one whose substituted expression becomes exactly 0 for some positive integer value of a.
Step-by-step Explanation
Use what it means for to be a factor
If is a factor of a polynomial, then is a root of that polynomial.
So for any expression that has as a factor, when we substitute into the expression, the result must be .
Express each option in a general form and substitute
All four answer choices have the form
where is the coefficient of (in the options, is , , , or ).
Substitute into this general form:
For to be a factor, we need this expression to equal when is a positive integer.
Solve for and test each option
Set the substituted expression equal to :
Since must be a positive integer, , so we require
Solve for :
Now plug in each option’s value:
- Choice A: gives (not positive).
- Choice B: gives (not an integer).
- Choice C: gives (a positive integer).
- Choice D: gives (not an integer).
Only the expression (choice C) allows a positive integer for which is a factor (specifically ).