Question 159·Hard·Equivalent Expressions
The expression is equivalent to , where and are constants.
What is the value of ?
(Express the answer as an integer)
When two polynomial expressions in are said to be equivalent for all , immediately think of matching coefficients. First, fully expand and simplify the product so it is written in standard form with and in terms of the unknowns. Then set these coefficients equal to the corresponding ones in the given polynomial to get simple linear equations for the unknown parameters. Solve these quickly, and finally plug into whatever combination the question asks for (here, ) rather than stopping at or alone.
Hints
Start by expanding
Focus on the expression . How can you multiply a trinomial by a binomial to write it as a single polynomial in ?
Combine like terms
After you distribute and , make sure to combine the terms together and the terms together so the expression looks like for some and in terms of .
Use matching coefficients
Once your expanded expression is written as , compare it to . What equations do you get by matching the coefficients of and ?
Finish with
After solving for and then for , remember the question asks for , not just or alone.
Desmos Guide
Enter both expressions with your values of and
After you have found numerical values for and by hand, type the first expression as y = (x^2 + t*x + 6)*(x - 3) with your value substituted for t, and the second as y = x^3 + 2*x^2 + k*x - 18 with your value substituted for k.
Check that the graphs coincide
Look at the two graphs: if they lie exactly on top of each other for all visible -values, your and are consistent with the given identity. Once verified, add your and values to obtain .
Step-by-step Explanation
Expand the product
Write the product so you can distribute:
Now distribute and :
Combine like terms
Combine the terms and the terms:
So simplifies to
Match coefficients with the given cubic
We are told this expression is equivalent to
For two polynomials in to be equal for all , the coefficients of each power of must match. So:
- Coefficient of :
- Coefficient of :
Solve the first equation for :
Then substitute into to get :
Find
From the previous step,
So we have and . Now add them:
Therefore, .