A question about what two researchers would both endorse tests whether you can find a plan each text supports. Read the question to see whose views you’re comparing, then find what each researcher recommends in the texts. Include any limits on when or how those steps should be taken, because those limits are part of the advice. The shared plan must follow both researchers’ advice, not add steps or remove limits to make it sound helpful.
Hints
- Hint 1
Read Ramanathan’s conclusion and Chen’s final sentence for the changes they recommend.
- Hint 2
Compare how much each researcher wants changed and when. What plan could follow both recommendations without adding a new step?
Step-by-step
Find the shared recommendation
Step 1Read Ramanathan’s advice
Read Ramanathan’s conclusion: even modest reductions in urban lighting during peak migration weeks could help the birds. The question asks what both researchers would endorse, so let’s put her advice in a few words. She wants less city light during peak migration, because the glow makes birds lose their way and waste energy.
- Step 2
Read Chen’s advice
What changes does Chen want? He recommends turning off decorative lights after midnight and switching necessary fixtures to dimmer, downward-facing bulbs. Decorative lights can go off, but necessary lights stay in use, with changes that make them dimmer and direct their light downward. His aim is to protect birds without putting public safety at risk.
- Step 3
Find where the plans meet
Do both researchers need to give exactly the same instructions? Ramanathan’s call for even modest reductions in urban lighting leaves room to choose which lights to cut. Chen’s plan shows how switching some lights off or dimming them can make that cut. His specific changes fit her more general advice, even though they study different harms to birds.
- Step 4
Check the shared measure
The measure Reducing or modifying nonessential nighttime lighting focuses on decorative lights, which Chen recommends switching off. Does its timing fit as well? The phrase during the weeks when birds migrate includes the peak migration weeks Ramanathan names. It cuts light without turning off necessary lighting, so it allows Ramanathan’s modest reduction and respects Chen’s concern for public safety. Choice C.