A question about two texts tests how one writer would respond to another writer’s claim. Read the question to find who answers whom, and track both parts of a claim linking a change to its result. Sum up each text’s claim and reason, then name the responding writer’s stance. Do they reject the claim, qualify it by adding limits, or extend it to another case? Check the reason too, since the right stance can come with an unsupported reason.
Hints
- Hint 1
The question asks Zhao to respond to a link between replacing taverns and starting Enlightenment discussions. Track both parts of that link in Text 2.
- Hint 2
Compare Zhao’s opening acknowledgment with her final sentence. Check how much of Hartwell’s claim she accepts.
Step-by-step
Follow the claim, evidence, and stance
Step 1Identify both parts of Hartwell’s claim
Start with the question’s claim that coffeehouses replaced taverns and thus uniquely sparked Enlightenment discussions. What two ideas are linked? Coffeehouses supposedly took the place of taverns, and that change supposedly had a unique role in starting Enlightenment discussions. Zhao must answer both parts, so let’s test the replacement first.
- Step 2
Test the supposed replacement
What does Zhao’s evidence show about that replacement? She says beer and wine sales remained robust, meaning sales stayed strong, and that places serving alcohol kept thriving alongside coffeehouses. The places existed side by side, so the records weaken the idea that coffeehouses took the place of taverns.
- Step 3
Set Zhao’s stance and its strength
Zhao also agrees that coffeehouses offered a new venue for intellectual exchange. Does that mean she accepts Hartwell’s whole claim? No: she calls coffee one of several, rather than the singular, forces, so coffee helped people share ideas without explaining the Enlightenment on its own. She would qualify the claim, which means accepting it only in part.
- Step 4
Match the response to Zhao’s reason
Which response gives a reason backed by Zhao’s evidence? A response saying entirely supplanted contradicts her records, while printing press and restricted mainly to Italy add ideas neither text gives. The response calling coffee’s influence overstated says alcohol and taverns still mattered, which limits how much credit coffee can get for the Enlightenment. Choice D.