Question 53·Medium·Two-Variable Data: Models and Scatterplots
A bakery launches an online advertisement for a new pastry. During the first several hours after the advertisement goes live, the number of website visits increases by about 15% each hour. What type of model is best to represent the total number of website visits as a function of time, in hours, during this period?
For SAT questions about choosing a model type, first decide whether the situation describes a constant amount of change (suggesting a linear model) or a constant percentage or multiplicative change (suggesting an exponential model). Then check whether the quantity is increasing or decreasing over time: that tells you whether you want a positive vs. negative slope for linear models or growth vs. decay for exponential models. Use a quick mental example (like starting with 100 units) to see if differences stay the same (linear) or if ratios stay the same (exponential).
Hints
Focus on what "15% each hour" means
Ask yourself: does "increases by about 15% each hour" describe adding the same number of visits every hour, or the same percentage of the current visits every hour?
Try a small numerical example
Pretend there are 100 visits at the start. What would the number of visits be after 1 hour and after 2 hours if it increases by 15% each hour? Do the amounts you add each hour stay the same or change?
Connect the pattern to the type of model
One model type has a constant difference between successive values; the other has a constant ratio (you keep multiplying by the same factor). Which situation fits "increases by about 15% each hour"?
Check the direction of change
Since the visits are increasing over time, eliminate any options that describe a decreasing pattern.
Desmos Guide
Enter a percentage-increase model
In Desmos, type an expression like to represent a situation where you start with 100 visits and the total is multiplied by each hour (a 15% increase of the current amount). Look at how the graph changes as (time) increases.
Compare to a constant-amount model
Now type to represent adding 15 visits every hour. Use a table (tap the gear icon, then the table icon) or just look at the graph to see how and change from one hour to the next: in one model, the difference between hours is constant; in the other, the percentage change is constant.
Match the graph behavior to the wording
Compare the two patterns: one shows equal jumps in visits each hour; the other shows jumps that get larger as the total grows. Decide which type of pattern fits the idea "increases by about 15% each hour," and then choose the option that names that type of model.
Step-by-step Explanation
Identify what is changing and what it depends on
We are modeling the total number of website visits as time (in hours) passes after the advertisement goes live.
So we want a function where:
- Input: time in hours
- Output: total number of visits so far
The key is to understand how the visits change from hour to hour.
Translate "increases by about 15% each hour"
"Increases by about 15% each hour" means that each hour, the new total is 15% more than the previous total, not 15 more visits.
If at some hour there are visits, then after 1 more hour there would be:
- visits.
After another hour, we take 15% of 115, not 100:
- visits.
So each step multiplies the current amount by (because ).
Compare constant amount vs constant percent change
A linear model adds or subtracts the same number each hour (constant amount of change). For example, visits every hour.
Here, the problem describes a constant percent change each hour (15% of the current value), so the amount added each hour keeps getting larger as the total grows.
This kind of "multiply by the same factor each step" behavior is not linear; it is the other common type of model used for repeated percentage changes.
Determine whether the model should increase or decrease
The problem says the number of visits increases each hour, so the function must:
- Go up as time increases (not down), and
- Represent repeated percentage increases.
That rules out any model that has a decreasing pattern (negative slope or decay). The remaining option that matches an increasing function with repeated percentage change is an exponential growth model (Choice C).