Question 29·Medium·Two-Variable Data: Models and Scatterplots
A new online store tracks the total number of customers who have created an account since the store opened. The store recorded the following data:
| Days since opening | Total customer accounts |
|---|---|
| 0 | 60 |
| 2 | 90 |
| 4 | 135 |
| 6 | 202 |
Which type of mathematical model best represents the relationship between the number of days since opening and the total number of customer accounts?
For SAT questions asking which model (linear, exponential, quadratic, or none) fits a small table, first confirm that the x-values are evenly spaced. Then quickly compute: (1) the first differences in the y-values to test for linear growth, (2) if needed, second differences to test for quadratic growth, and (3) the ratios between consecutive y-values to test for exponential growth. Match the observed pattern (constant difference, constant second difference, or constant ratio) to the corresponding model type without wasting time trying to find an exact formula.
Hints
Use the equal spacing in the x-values
Notice the days increase by 2 each time: . When x-values are evenly spaced, checking differences and ratios in the y-values is very helpful.
Check how much the total increases each time
Find how many accounts are added from day 0 to 2, from 2 to 4, and from 4 to 6. Are these increases the same, getting steadily larger, or changing irregularly?
Compare ratios, not just differences
After you look at the increases, also compute the ratio of each total to the previous total (for example, , , etc.). Are these ratios close to each other?
Match the pattern to a model type
Decide which type of model matches a situation where, over equal time steps, either the amount added is constant, the pattern of increases matches a squared term, or each value is multiplied by about the same factor.
Desmos Guide
Check differences (additive pattern) with Desmos
In the expression line, type: 90-60, 135-90, 202-135 and look at the three numbers Desmos shows. Notice whether these differences are the same or changing.
Check ratios (multiplicative pattern) with Desmos
In a new expression line, type: 90/60, 135/90, 202/135 and examine the three decimal values. See whether these ratios are all close to the same number or quite different from each other.
Match the pattern to the best model type
Based on what you saw—whether the differences were constant, the second differences (differences of those differences) would be constant, or the ratios between terms were roughly constant—choose the model type from the options that describes that behavior.
Step-by-step Explanation
Understand what the table is showing
The table gives:
- Input: days since opening
- Output: total customer accounts
We are asked which type of model (linear, exponential, quadratic, or none) best matches how the total number of accounts changes as days increase.
Check for linear growth using differences
For a linear growth model, the difference (change) in the output over equal time intervals is constant.
The days increase by 2 each time: . Compute the changes in total accounts over each 2-day interval:
- From day 0 to day 2:
- From day 2 to day 4:
- From day 4 to day 6:
These increases are not the same, so the relationship is not linear.
Check for quadratic growth using second differences
For a quadratic growth model, the second differences (the differences of the differences) over equal intervals are constant.
From step 2, the first differences are . Now find the second differences:
- Between and :
- Between and :
The second differences and are not equal, so the data do not follow a quadratic pattern.
Look at ratios to test for multiplicative growth
When a quantity grows by being multiplied by about the same factor over equal time intervals, the ratios between consecutive outputs are roughly constant.
Compute the ratios of each value to the previous one:
- From day 0 to 2:
- From day 2 to 4:
- From day 4 to 6:
These ratios are all very close to , meaning the total number of accounts is being multiplied by about every 2 days. That pattern is described by an exponential growth model, so choice B) An exponential growth model is correct.