Question 21·Hard·Two-Variable Data: Models and Scatterplots
A study examined the relationship between the average daily number of hours a battery-powered sensor is active, , and the sensor’s average weekly energy consumption, , in watt-hours. Summary statistics for the 16 sensors tested are shown.
| Statistic | Value |
|---|---|
| Mean of | 5.5 |
| Standard deviation of | 1.2 |
| Mean of | 48 |
| Standard deviation of | 9 |
| Correlation between and | 0.76 |
Based on the least-squares regression line that models in terms of , what is the predicted weekly energy consumption, in watt-hours, for a sensor that is active an average of 8 hours per day? Round your answer to the nearest watt-hour.
For regression questions that give you only summary statistics (means, standard deviations, and correlation), immediately write down the key formulas: slope and the centered line . First compute carefully, then plug , the means, and the given into to get a single numerical prediction. Save rounding to the final step and then match the rounded value to the closest answer choice. This avoids extra work solving for the intercept and reduces algebra mistakes under time pressure.
Hints
Connect correlation and slope
You are given the means, standard deviations, and correlation. How can you use , , and to get the slope of the regression line that predicts from ?
Use the summary-stat form of the regression line
Once you have the slope , you can avoid solving for the y-intercept directly by using the formula . What are and from the table?
Substitute the given x-value
After you set up , plug in along with the values for , , and , then simplify.
Do not forget the final rounding
When you compute the predicted , you will get a decimal value. Make sure to round that value to the nearest whole number before matching it to the answer choices.
Desmos Guide
Compute the slope in Desmos
In a new expression line, type b = 0.76*(9/1.2) and press Enter. Desmos will display the numerical value of b, which is the slope of the regression line.
Define the regression equation
In the next line, type yhat(x) = 48 + b*(x - 5.5). This defines the predicted weekly energy consumption as a function of the average daily active hours .
Evaluate the prediction at x = 8
In a new line, type yhat(8) and press Enter. The value that appears to the right is the predicted weekly energy consumption for a sensor active 8 hours per day; round this value to the nearest whole number and match it to the closest answer choice.
Step-by-step Explanation
Recall the regression formulas
For the least-squares regression line predicting from :
- The slope is .
- A convenient form of the line is
where and are the means of and .
Compute the slope of the regression line
Use , , and :
Compute the fraction first:
Then multiply:
So the slope of the regression line is .
Write the regression equation using the means
We know , , and . Plug these into
to get
Substitute the given x-value
The question asks for the predicted weekly energy consumption when the sensor is active an average of 8 hours per day, so substitute into the regression equation:
Simplify the parentheses:
so
Compute and round the prediction
Now multiply and add:
so
Rounding to the nearest watt-hour gives .
Therefore, the predicted weekly energy consumption is watt-hours, which corresponds to choice B.