Question 50·Medium·Probability and Conditional Probability
A fair six-sided die is rolled once, and a fair coin is flipped once. What is the probability that the die shows an even number or the coin shows heads (or both)?
For problems with a small number of outcomes involving dice and coins, either list all outcome pairs or use the addition rule for probabilities. Define clear events (like "even" and "heads"), compute each event’s probability, find the probability of both happening using multiplication if they are independent, and then apply . This avoids double-counting and quickly leads to the correct result.
Hints
Think about each event separately
First, find the probability that the die shows an even number. Then, find the probability that the coin shows heads.
Understand what "or" means
In probability, "A or B" means that A happens, or B happens, or both happen. It does not mean "exactly one" of them happens.
Combine the probabilities correctly
Recall the formula for two events and : . Figure out what is for this problem.
Desmos Guide
Use Desmos to compute the combined probability
In a Desmos expression line, type 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/4 (this represents ). The value that Desmos shows for this expression is the probability that the die shows an even number or the coin shows heads (or both).
Step-by-step Explanation
Define the events and what "or" means in probability
Let event be "the die shows an even number" and event be "the coin shows heads."
The question asks for the probability that or (or both) happens. In probability, "or" means at least one of the events occurs, not exactly one.
Find the individual probabilities
A fair six-sided die has 3 even numbers: 2, 4, and 6.
- So .
A fair coin has 1 head out of 2 sides.
- So .
Find the probability that both happen
The die roll and the coin flip are independent, so the probability that both and happen is the product of their probabilities:
Apply the "or" formula and simplify
For any two events and ,
Here, use and :
Add and subtract:
So, the probability that the die shows an even number or the coin shows heads (or both) is , which corresponds to choice D.