Question 35·Medium·Inference from Sample Statistics and Margin of Error
A polling organization surveyed 500 randomly selected registered voters in a county and found that 280 of them favor a proposed park expansion. The poll reports a margin of error of ±4 percentage points for the percentage who favor the expansion. There are 62,000 registered voters in the county. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion based on the poll results?
For SAT questions about polls and margin of error, first convert the raw counts in the sample to a percentage, then apply the margin of error to get a range of possible true percentages. Next, if they give you the total population, multiply each end of the percentage range by that total to get a range of counts. Finally, eliminate answer choices that give a single exact number, use the margin bounds in the wrong direction (e.g., treating an upper bound as a minimum), or claim that no conclusion can be drawn when a clear range is available.
Hints
Turn the sample result into a percentage
Out of the 500 voters surveyed, 280 favor the expansion. What fraction or percentage of the sample is that?
Use the margin of error to create a range of percentages
You have a sample percentage and a margin of error of percentage points. What are the lowest and highest percentages that could reasonably represent all voters?
Convert the percentage range to number of voters
Take each end of your percentage range and multiply by 62,000, the total number of registered voters. Which answer choice best matches that range?
Desmos Guide
Confirm the sample percentage
In Desmos, type 280/500 and note the decimal result; this is the sample proportion who favor the expansion.
Calculate the lower end of the voter range
In a new line, type (0.56 - 0.04)*62000 (using the sample percentage minus the margin of error), and observe the output. This is the smallest reasonable number of voters who might favor the expansion.
Calculate the upper end of the voter range
In another line, type (0.56 + 0.04)*62000, and observe the output. This is the largest reasonable number of voters who might favor the expansion; choose the option that best matches the range between the two Desmos results.
Step-by-step Explanation
Find the sample percentage that favor the expansion
The poll surveyed 500 voters and found that 280 favor the park expansion.
Compute the sample proportion:
- out of is
- As a percentage, .
So the poll’s estimate is that about of registered voters favor the expansion.
Apply the margin of error to get a percentage range
The margin of error is percentage points. That means the true percentage could be as low as or as high as .
Compute the endpoints:
- Lower end:
- Upper end:
So the true percentage who favor the expansion is likely between and .
Convert the percentage range to a range of numbers of voters
There are registered voters in the county.
Use the percentage range to find how many voters this represents:
So it is reasonable that the number of voters who favor the expansion is somewhere between about and .
Match the range to the best answer choice
The answer choice that correctly describes this situation should:
- Give a range, not an exact number.
- Use values that are close to and (rounded to the nearest thousand).
That corresponds to "Between approximately 32,000 and 37,000 registered voters likely favor the park expansion."