Question 12·Hard·Right Triangles and Trigonometry
In right triangle , angle is a right angle. The altitude from to the hypotenuse meets at point such that units and units.
What is the length of ?
For right triangles where an altitude is drawn from the right angle to the hypotenuse, immediately recall the similarity relationships: the two smaller triangles are each similar to the original. From these, memorize or quickly re-derive the geometric-mean facts: each leg squared equals the product of the hypotenuse and the adjacent hypotenuse segment. This lets you jump straight to a one-step equation like , plug in the numbers, and then simplify the square root, which is much faster and less error-prone than trying to find all three sides with repeated Pythagorean computations.
Hints
Combine the pieces of the hypotenuse
The altitude from to splits the hypotenuse into two segments and . What is the total length of in terms of these two given segment lengths?
Recall the special property of an altitude to the hypotenuse
When you draw an altitude from the right angle to the hypotenuse in a right triangle, it creates two smaller right triangles that are similar to the original triangle. Use this idea to relate a leg (like ) to the hypotenuse and one of its segments.
Focus on the leg and segment
is the leg that touches the segment of the hypotenuse. There is a relationship of the form . Apply this to , , and .
Next step after forming the equation
Once you have an equation for in terms of and , plug in the numerical values and then take the square root, simplifying the radical if possible.
Desmos Guide
Compute
In Desmos, type 18*26 to calculate the value of . Note the numerical result that appears.
Take the square root and simplify mentally
In a new Desmos line, type sqrt(18*26) (or sqrt( followed by the result from the previous step). Use that output as the length of , and then, if needed, factor the number under the square root to see which perfect square can be taken out to simplify the radical.
Step-by-step Explanation
Understand the diagram and find the hypotenuse
We have right triangle with a right angle at . The altitude from meets hypotenuse at , splitting into and .
So the full hypotenuse length is
Use the right-triangle altitude similarity fact
When the altitude is drawn from the right angle to the hypotenuse in a right triangle, it creates two smaller right triangles that are each similar to the original triangle.
From this similarity, there is a key relationship: each leg of the original triangle is the geometric mean of the entire hypotenuse and the segment of the hypotenuse adjacent to that leg.
For leg , which is adjacent to segment , this gives the equation
Substitute the segment lengths into the relationship
We know and we found in Step 1. Substitute into the equation from Step 2:
Now multiply:
Take the square root and simplify the radical
To find , take the square root of both sides:
Factor 468 to pull out a perfect square:
So the length of is .