Question 18·Hard·Lines, Angles, and Triangles
In , the side lengths are , , and . Point is the midpoint of . What is the length of ?
When you see a triangle with all three side lengths and a median to one side, recognize that this is a standard setup for the median-length (Apollonius) formula: if the median goes to side and the other sides are and , then . Quickly label the side the median hits as , plug the other two sides in as and , compute carefully (do the squares and arithmetic stepwise), and then take the square root and simplify the radical to match the answer choice. This avoids messy coordinate geometry or angle work and is usually the fastest, cleanest path on the SAT.
Hints
Identify what kind of segment is
Because is the midpoint of , what special name do we give segment in triangle ?
Recall the formula relating a median to the three sides
There is a formula (sometimes called Apollonius's theorem or a special case of Stewart's theorem) that gives the square of a median in terms of the three side lengths. Can you write in terms of , , and ?
Substitute carefully
Let the side that the median lands on be , and the other two sides be and . Then substitute , , and into the median formula and simplify step by step.
Compare to the answer choices
Once you find as a number, take its square root and factor it to see it as . Then match that exact form to one of the choices.
Desmos Guide
Compute the squared length of the median
In a Desmos line, type the expression for using the median formula:
(2*15^2 + 2*13^2 - 14^2)/4
Desmos will display the numerical value of .
Take the square root
In a new line, type sqrt((2*15^2 + 2*13^2 - 14^2)/4) to get the decimal value of .
Match to the answer choices
To see which option matches this length, type each choice into Desmos (for example, 2*sqrt(33), 2*sqrt(35), etc.) and compare their decimal values to the value from the previous step. The choice whose value exactly matches is the correct answer.
Step-by-step Explanation
Recognize that is a median
Point is the midpoint of , so . This means is a median from vertex to side .
For a triangle with side lengths , , and , and median from the vertex between sides and to side , the median length satisfies:
Here, is the side the median hits (opposite the vertex), and and are the other two sides.
Assign the side lengths to the formula
In :
- The median is drawn from to side , so let .
- The other sides are and .
Substitute these into the median formula:
Compute the squared length of
Now simplify step by step:
- , so
- , so
Plug these in:
So the median satisfies .
Take the square root and match the answer choice
To find , take the square root of 148:
Factor 148:
So the length of is , which matches answer choice C.