Question 28·Hard·Circles
Triangle is inscribed in a circle so that the lengths of its sides are , , and . What is the radius of the circle?
When a triangle is inscribed in a circle and you are given all three side lengths, think "circumradius" and immediately recall the formula . Quickly find the area using Heron's formula (compute the semiperimeter, then plug into ), and substitute into the circumradius formula. Simplify carefully, and use quick checks like to eliminate impossible answers and catch arithmetic errors.
Hints
Identify what kind of circle this is
A triangle inscribed in a circle means all three vertices lie on the circle. Think about the formula that gives the radius of a circumcircle (the circle that passes through all three vertices) in terms of the triangle’s side lengths and area.
Relate the radius to the sides and area
There is a formula , where , , and are the triangle's side lengths and is its area. Focus next on finding the area of the triangle from the three side lengths.
Finding the area from three sides
Use Heron's formula: first compute the semiperimeter , then compute for , , and .
Finish the calculation
After you find the area, substitute , , , and your area value into , then simplify the resulting fraction carefully to match one of the answer choices.
Desmos Guide
Compute the semiperimeter in Desmos
Type s = (13 + 14 + 15)/2 and note the value of s that Desmos shows. This is the semiperimeter of the triangle.
Compute the area using Heron's formula
Enter A = sqrt(s*(s-13)*(s-14)*(s-15)). Desmos will display the area of the triangle as the value of A.
Compute the circumradius
Now type R = 13*14*15/(4*A). The value Desmos gives for R is the circumradius. Compare this decimal value to the answer choices by converting each fraction choice to a decimal and matching it.
Step-by-step Explanation
Connect the triangle to the circle (circumradius formula)
Triangle is inscribed in a circle, so the circle is the circumcircle of the triangle. For a triangle with side lengths , , and area , the radius of its circumcircle is
Here, , , , so once we find the area , we can compute .
Find the semiperimeter
To find the area using Heron's formula, first compute the semiperimeter :
Use Heron's formula to find the area
Heron's formula for the area of a triangle with sides and semiperimeter is
Substitute , , , :
So the area of triangle is square units.
Plug into the circumradius formula
Now use , , , and in
We get
This is the radius, but we should simplify this fraction.
Simplify the fraction to get the radius
Simplify step by step:
- Divide numerator and denominator by :
- Now divide numerator and denominator by :
So the radius of the circle is , which corresponds to choice A.