Question 93·Hard·Systems of Two Linear Equations in Two Variables
In the system of equations above, is a real number. For which value of does the system have infinitely many solutions?
For "infinitely many solutions" in a linear system, you want the two equations to represent the same line. A fast approach is to first clear any fractions, then manipulate the equations so one variable’s coefficients match and eliminate that variable. Examine the resulting equation: if solving gives a single value for , the system has one solution; if it gives a contradiction, there is no solution; if it collapses to an identity like , then the equations are dependent and you have infinitely many solutions. Use this logic to solve for the parameter value (here, ) that makes the identity occur, and quickly check it by substituting back into the original system.
Hints
Remove the fraction first
Try multiplying the second equation by so that the fraction disappears. Rewrite the system after doing this.
Look at the -coefficients
After you multiply the second equation by , compare the coefficients of in the two equations. What happens if you subtract one equation from the other?
Connect elimination to "infinitely many solutions"
When you eliminate one variable, think about what the resulting equation tells you. For infinitely many solutions, should you get a specific value for , a contradiction like , or an identity like ?
Desmos Guide
Set up a slider for k
In Desmos, type k= and create a slider. This will let you change the value of easily.
Enter the two equations with k
Type the two equations using :
(k+2)x + (k-1)y = k3x + (k-1)/2*y = 2Desmos will graph two lines that depend on the current value of .
Test the answer choices and observe the graphs
Move the slider to each of the answer choices (, , , ) in turn. For most values, the two lines will intersect at one point or be parallel. Note the value of where the two graphs completely overlap (they are the exact same line); that is the value where the system has infinitely many solutions.
Step-by-step Explanation
Clear the fraction and rewrite the system
Multiply the second equation by to remove the fraction:
Original system:
After multiplying the second equation by :
Now both equations have the same -coefficient, , which makes elimination easier.
Eliminate using subtraction
Subtract the second (new) equation from the first to eliminate :
The -terms cancel:
So any solution of the system must satisfy .
Interpret the equation for infinite solutions
Rewrite
as
This product is zero if either or . If , then is fixed at a single value, which corresponds to one solution (after finding ). For the system to have infinitely many solutions, the elimination step must produce an equation that is true for all , not one that fixes to a single number — that happens when the factor on is zero so the equation becomes .
Find the value of and verify
From , getting an identity (true for all ) requires , so .
Substitute back into the system:
First equation:
Second equation:
Multiply this by :
Both equations are exactly the same line, so the system has infinitely many solutions when .
Therefore, the correct answer is .