Question 30·Hard·Systems of Two Linear Equations in Two Variables
In the system of equations above, is a real constant. If the system has no solution, what is the sum of all possible values of ?
For systems of two linear equations with a parameter, translate the phrase “no solution” into the condition that the two lines are parallel but not the same line. Quickly rewrite each equation in slope-intercept form to express the slopes in terms of the parameter, set those slopes equal to find candidate parameter values, and then check that the intercepts (or full equations) are not also equal so you avoid the infinite-solutions case. Finally, if the parameter has multiple valid values, add them as required and match the result to the answer choices.
Hints
Interpret “no solution” for a system of lines
Think about what it means graphically when two linear equations in and have no solution. What must be true about the relationship between the two lines (their slopes and positions)?
Compare the slopes using k
Rearrange each equation into the form so you can express each slope in terms of . How can you use those expressions to find when the lines are parallel?
Solve for k and then find the required sum
After you set the slopes equal and solve the resulting equation for , you should get two values. Make sure those values really give lines with no solution (not the same line), then add the two -values and match that sum to one of the answer choices.
Desmos Guide
Set up k as a slider and enter the equations
In Desmos, type k = 0 and click the slider icon so that k becomes a slider. Then enter the two equations exactly as given, using k as the parameter:
(k + 2)x - 3y = 62x - (k - 4)y = k
Use the slider to find when the lines are parallel
Move the k slider and watch how the two lines change. Look for values of k where the lines have the same steepness (same slope) and never cross each other on the graph—this indicates no solution. You should see two distinct values of k where this happens.
Estimate the k-values and compute their sum
Read off the two approximate k values from the slider at the points where the lines are parallel and separate. Use Desmos (for example, by typing their decimal approximations into a new expression line and adding them) or mental math to find their sum, then choose the answer choice whose value matches that sum.
Step-by-step Explanation
Understand what “no solution” means for a system of two lines
Each equation represents a line in the -plane.
- A single solution means the lines intersect at one point.
- Infinitely many solutions means the two equations are the same line.
- No solution means the lines are parallel but distinct, so they never intersect.
So we need values of that make the two lines parallel (same slope) but not the same line.
Write each equation in slope-intercept form to find the slopes
Start with the first equation:
Solve for :
- Subtract from both sides: .
- Divide by : .
So the first line has slope
Now the second equation:
Rewrite and solve for :
- Divide by (for now assume so we can divide):
So the second line has slope
Find values of k that make the lines parallel
For the lines to be parallel (and not vertical), their slopes must be equal:
Cross-multiply:
Expand the left side:
Simplify:
Move all terms to one side:
Now solve this quadratic using the quadratic formula:
So there are two values of that make the slopes equal: and (both different from 4).
Check for ‘no solution’ and compute the sum of the k-values
We must ensure these parallel lines are not the same line.
- The first line has -intercept .
- The second line has -intercept .
The lines would be the same only if both slope and -intercept matched. Setting the intercepts equal,
leads to , which is different from . So for and , the lines are parallel and distinct, giving no solution.
We also check the special case : then the second equation becomes , or , a vertical line that clearly intersects the first line once, so does not give no solution.
Thus the only -values that make the system have no solution are and . Their sum is
so the correct answer is 2, which corresponds to choice B.