Question 108·Hard·Systems of Two Linear Equations in Two Variables
In the system of equations below, is a constant.
For what value of does the system have infinitely many solutions?
For systems with a parameter that ask for infinitely many solutions, remember this means the two equations represent the same line. Quickly compare coefficients: if you can see that one equation’s - and -coefficients are already a fixed multiple of the other, then require the constant terms to share that same multiple and solve the resulting simple linear equation. Always check all three parts—-coefficient, -coefficient, and constant—so you don’t confuse “same slope” (parallel lines) with “same exact line” (infinitely many solutions).
Hints
Think about the graph of the system
For two linear equations in and , when do you get infinitely many solutions: when the lines intersect once, are parallel, or are actually the same line?
Compare corresponding coefficients
Look at the coefficients of and in both equations. Can you factor or simplify them to see if one equation is already a constant multiple of the other in those coefficients?
Use the constant terms
Once you notice the - and -coefficients in the second equation are a fixed multiple of those in the first, ask: what equation must the constant terms satisfy so that the entire second equation is that same multiple of the first?
Desmos Guide
Enter the general equations with a parameter
In Desmos, type the two equations using a parameter (for example, use a instead of ):
(5a - 7)x + 2y = 3(10a - 14)x + 4y = 6a - 1Desmos will prompt you to create a slider fora. Add the slider.
Use the slider to explore values of the parameter
Move the slider for a and watch how the two lines change. You are looking for the value of a where the two graphs lie exactly on top of each other, not just intersect at a point.
Identify the parameter value for coincident lines
Adjust the slider carefully until the two lines are indistinguishable (only one line is visible because both equations describe it). The value shown for a at that moment is the value of for which the system has infinitely many solutions.
Step-by-step Explanation
Understand the condition for infinitely many solutions
For a system of two linear equations in and to have infinitely many solutions, the two equations must represent the same line.
That means the ratios of the corresponding coefficients must all be equal:
- ratio of the -coefficients,
- ratio of the -coefficients,
- ratio of the constant terms.
So we want all three ratios (for , , and the constants) to be the same number.
Compare the coefficients of x and y
Write the system:
Look at the -coefficients:
- First equation:
- Second equation:
Look at the -coefficients:
- First equation:
- Second equation:
So, for any , the - and -coefficients in the second equation are already 2 times the corresponding coefficients in the first equation.
Therefore, for the lines to be the same, the constant term in the second equation must also be 2 times the constant term in the first equation.
Set up the equation for the constants
The constant term in the first equation is .
If the second equation is exactly times the first, then its constant term (right-hand side) should be:
- .
But the constant term in the second equation is .
So we must have:
This equation will give the value of that makes the two equations identical.
Solve for t and conclude
Solve the equation from the previous step:
When , every coefficient (including the constant term) in the second equation is exactly times the corresponding coefficient in the first, so the two equations represent the same line and the system has infinitely many solutions.
Therefore, the correct answer is .