Question 72·Hard·Linear Functions
A water tank is being filled at a constant rate. After minutes, the tank contains liters of water, and after minutes, it contains liters.
Let be the time, in seconds, since the tank started filling, and let be the amount of water, in liters, in the tank. Which equation models ?
For linear modeling questions, first align all units with the variable definitions (convert minutes to seconds here). Treat the situation as a line through two points, use the slope formula to find the rate, then plug the slope and one point into to solve for the intercept. Finally, compare your and directly to the forms in the answer choices instead of re-deriving each choice; this is faster and reduces algebra mistakes.
Hints
Watch the units
The variable is defined in seconds, but the times in the problem are given in minutes. How can you convert the given times so they match the definition of ?
Use a line through two points
Once you have the times in seconds, think of the situation as a line passing through two points . What are these two points, and how do you find the slope between them?
Find the starting amount
After you find the slope (rate of change), plug the slope and one point into to solve for . Then write the full equation and compare it to the answer choices.
Desmos Guide
Compute the slope in Desmos
In one expression line, type (710-230)/(26*60-8*60) to compute the rate of change in liters per second. Note the decimal value Desmos gives you for the slope.
Compute the intercept using a point
In the next line, type b = 230 - (previous_answer)*480, where previous_answer is the slope value from step 1 (you can just retype the expression or copy it). Desmos will show you the value of b, the starting amount of water.
Match with the answer choices
Use the slope from step 1 and the intercept from step 2 to write a linear equation of the form p(t) = (slope)*t + (intercept) in Desmos (for example, y = (slope)*x + (intercept)) and confirm it passes through both points (480,230) and (1560,710). Then choose the answer option whose equation has the same slope and intercept.
Step-by-step Explanation
Convert minutes to seconds and identify the points
The problem defines as seconds, but the data are given in minutes.
- After minutes, seconds, and the amount is liters.
- After minutes, seconds, and the amount is liters.
So we have two points on the line: and , where the first coordinate is time in seconds and the second is liters.
Find the constant rate (the slope)
For a linear function , the slope is the rate of change:
Now simplify by dividing top and bottom by :
So the tank is filling at liters per second.
Use one point to solve for the initial amount (intercept)
Use and substitute and one of the points, say :
Compute :
So
Convert to thirds: . Then
This is the amount of water in the tank at seconds.
Write the model and match it to the choices
Now plug the slope and intercept into :
This matches choice D, so the correct equation is .