Question 63·Hard·Linear Functions
The linear function is defined by , where and are constants. The function satisfies
for all real numbers . What is the value of ?
For functional equations on the SAT where a linear function like is given and a condition such as holds for all , immediately substitute the input into the linear form (replace by the given expression). Expand to get a linear expression in , then set it equal to the other side and match coefficients of and the constant terms to form two simple linear equations. Solve these for the parameters ( and here), then carefully plug them into the specific expression the question asks for, watching signs and fraction arithmetic.
Hints
Substitute into the definition of g
Start from . What do you get if you replace with in this formula?
Use the fact the equality holds for all t
You should now have an expression for in terms of , , and . Set this equal to . Since these are equal for every real , how must the coefficients of and the constant terms compare?
Solve for k and then m
From comparing coefficients you should get two linear equations in and . Solve the simpler one (in just ) first, then substitute that value of into the other equation to find .
Finish with the requested expression
Once you know and , plug them into , simplify carefully with fractions, and then multiply by 3.
Desmos Guide
Use Desmos to compute 3(k − m) from the found values
After you have found and by hand, type the expression 3*((2/3)-(31/3)) into Desmos. The value that Desmos outputs is the value of for this problem.
Step-by-step Explanation
Write g(3t − 5) using the given formula for g(t)
We know . So, to find , replace by in the formula for :
Set the expressions equal and match coefficients
The problem says for all real .
From Step 1, we have:
Because these are equal for all , the coefficients of must be equal and the constant terms must be equal:
- Coefficient of : .
- Constant term: .
Solve for k and m
First solve :
Now plug this value of into :
Add to both sides:
So and .
Compute 3(k − m)
Now find using the values of and :
Inside the parentheses:
Now multiply by 3:
So the value of is , which corresponds to choice B.