Question 15·Hard·Linear Functions
| x | -11 | -10 | -9 | -8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 | 18 | 15 | 12 |
The table above shows some values of and their corresponding values for the linear function . What is the -intercept of the graph of in the -plane?
For table-of-values questions with a linear function, first check that the change in is constant when increases by 1—this confirms it’s linear and gives you the slope quickly. Then use with any one table point to solve for , form the equation, and set to find the -intercept. If the arithmetic is simple, you can also just extend the pattern in the table until reaches , keeping track of how changes; in all cases, remember that at the -intercept, must equal , not just any value from the table.
Hints
Focus on what an x-intercept means
The -intercept is where the graph crosses the -axis. What must the -value (or ) be at that point?
Look for a constant pattern
Check how changes as increases by 1 each time. Is the change the same every time? That tells you the slope.
Use the slope to build an equation
Once you know the slope and one point from the table, plug them into to find . Then use that equation to find the value of when .
Desmos Guide
Enter the table values
Create a table and enter the -values , , , in the first column and the corresponding values , , , in the second column. You should see four points plotted.
Fit a line to the points
In a new expression line, type y1 ~ m x1 + b. Desmos will show values for and that give the best-fitting line through your four points (these should match the exact linear pattern in the table).
Graph the linear function
In another expression line, type y = m x + b using the and values from the regression. This will graph the full line that matches the table.
Locate the x-intercept on the graph
Look for where this line crosses the -axis (where ). Tap or click that intersection point and read off the -coordinate; that -value gives you the correct answer choice.
Step-by-step Explanation
Understand what the question is asking
The -intercept is the point where the graph crosses the -axis. On the -axis, the -value is .
So we are looking for the value of such that , and the answer will be a point of the form .
Find the slope from the table
Look at how changes when increases by 1:
- From to : goes from to (change )
- From to : goes from to (change )
- From to : goes from to (change )
Each time increases by , decreases by , so the slope is
Write an equation for the linear function
Use the slope and any point from the table, for example .
Use the slope-intercept form :
Substitute , , and :
Compute :
Solve for :
So the equation of the line is
Find the x-intercept by setting y = 0
At the -intercept, . Use the equation and set to :
Add to both sides:
Divide both sides by :
So the -intercept is the point where and , which is .