Question 134·Medium·Linear Functions
A taxi service charges a flat fee plus a constant rate per mile. The total cost is $18 for a 6-mile trip and $34 for a 14-mile trip.
Let be the cost, in dollars, for a trip of miles. Which equation defines ?
For linear cost problems with a flat fee and a constant rate, quickly convert the information into two points , where is the variable quantity (like miles) and is the total cost. Use these two points to compute the slope (rate) with , then plug into and use one point to solve for , the flat fee. Finally, write the full equation and match it directly to the answer choices, or plug the given ‑values into each choice and see which one gives both correct costs; this is fast and avoids algebra mistakes.
Hints
Turn the words into points
Treat each trip as a point , where is the number of miles and is the total cost. What are the two points given?
Find the constant rate per mile
The phrase "constant rate per mile" corresponds to the slope of a line. Use the two points to compute the slope using .
Find the flat fee from slope-intercept form
Write an equation in the form , where is the rate per mile you just found. Plug in one of the trips (a point) to solve for , the flat fee.
Check against the choices
Once you know the rate per mile and the flat fee, write your linear equation and see which answer choice exactly matches it.
Desmos Guide
Enter the four candidate equations
Type each answer choice into Desmos as a separate line: C(m) = 2m + 8, C(m) = 2.5m + 4, C(m) = 3m + 6, and C(m) = 2m + 6. Desmos will graph four straight lines.
Check values at 6 miles and 14 miles
In Desmos, add a table with an column and values and . For each equation, create an expression like C1(6) and C1(14) (using the function names you chose) or click on the graphs at and to see the ‑values. Identify which equation gives cost $18 at and cost $34 at ; that is the correct choice.
Step-by-step Explanation
Model the situation with coordinate points
We are told the total cost for two different trips:
- A 6‑mile trip costs $18.
- A 14‑mile trip costs $34.
We can think of each trip as a point on a line, where is miles and is cost:
- First trip:
- Second trip:
These two points lie on the line that represents the cost function .
Find the rate per mile (the slope)
The taxi charges a constant rate per mile, so the rate per mile is the slope of the line that goes through and .
Use the slope formula :
So the constant rate per mile is dollars per mile.
Use slope-intercept form to find the flat fee
A linear cost function with slope has the form
where is the flat fee (the starting cost when ).
Use one of the points to solve for . Using :
- Plug in and :
- Simplify :
- Subtract from both sides:
So the flat fee is dollars.
Write the complete equation and match the choice
Now we know:
- Rate per mile (slope)
- Flat fee (y‑intercept)
So the cost function is
Looking at the answer choices, this matches choice D) , which is the correct equation.