Question 107·Medium·Linear Functions
The table shows a linear relationship between the number of miles driven, , by a taxi and the total cost, , in dollars.
| Miles driven | Total cost (dollars) |
|---|---|
| 6 | 15.75 |
| 9 | 20.25 |
| 12 | 24.75 |
Which equation represents the linear relationship between and ?
For linear relationships given in a table, first find the slope by dividing the change in the dependent variable (here, cost ) by the change in the independent variable (miles ). Then plug one data point into to find the intercept , write the full equation, and algebraically rearrange it to match the form of the answer choices. On timed tests, you can quickly check your result—or even test answer choices—by substituting one table pair into each equation to see which one is satisfied.
Hints
Look at how cost changes as miles increase
Compare the change in total cost when the miles driven increase from to , and from to . What is the cost change for every extra miles, and then for each mile?
Use slope-intercept form
Once you know the cost per mile, write an equation in the form and use one point from the table to solve for .
Match your equation to the answer forms
After you find an equation for in terms of , rearrange it so that all terms are on one side and the other side is just a constant, like in the answer choices.
Desmos Guide
Enter the data as a table
Create a table and in the first column (e.g., ) type the miles , , and , and in the second column (e.g., ) type the corresponding costs , , and .
Fit a line to the data
Below the table, type y1 ~ a x1 + b to perform a linear regression. Desmos will display values for (the slope) and (the starting cost).
Write and match the equation
Use the and values that Desmos shows to write the equation , then rearrange it into a form like the answer choices (all terms on one side, constant on the other) and select the option that matches your rearranged equation.
Step-by-step Explanation
Find the rate (slope) from the table
Because the relationship is linear, the cost per mile is constant.
Compute the change in cost when the miles increase from to :
The miles increase from to :
So the slope (cost per mile) is
This means the cost increases by dollars for each additional mile.
Find the starting cost (y-intercept) using a point
Write the linear equation in slope-intercept form , where is the starting cost when .
Use any data point, for example :
Compute :
So
Thus the taxi has a fixed starting fee of dollars before any miles are driven.
Write the equation and match it to the answer choices
Now substitute the slope and intercept into the equation :
To compare with the choices, clear decimals by multiplying both sides by :
Move all terms to one side:
This exactly matches choice D, so the correct equation is .