Question 81·Hard·Linear Equations in Two Variables
Line passes through the points and , where is a real number. If line is perpendicular to the line with equation , what is the value of ?
For perpendicular-line questions, immediately focus on slopes: rewrite any given line into slope-intercept form to read its slope, then take the negative reciprocal to get the perpendicular slope. Next, use the slope formula with the two given points (even if they contain variables) to write an expression for the unknown line's slope. Set this expression equal to the required perpendicular slope and solve the resulting simple rational equation, carefully using parentheses and cross-multiplication and checking signs so you do not lose a negative along the way.
Hints
Find the slope of the given line first
Start by rewriting in the form . What is the coefficient of once you solve for ?
Relate perpendicular lines to slopes
If one line has slope , what is the slope of a line perpendicular to it? Think about taking the negative reciprocal (flip the fraction and change the sign).
Use the slope formula with the two given points
Apply the slope formula to the points and . Be careful with parentheses when subtracting expressions that contain .
Connect both slopes and solve for a
Once you have an expression for the slope of line L and a numerical value for the perpendicular slope, set them equal to each other and solve the resulting equation for using cross-multiplication.
Desmos Guide
Graph the slope of line L as a function of a
In Desmos, use x in place of . Enter the equation y = (-2x - 3)/(3x - 6) to represent the slope of line L as x changes.
Graph the perpendicular slope
On a new line, type y = 2/5 to draw a horizontal line showing all points where the slope would be .
Find the intersection to read a
Zoom or pan until you see where the two graphs intersect, then tap the intersection point. The x-coordinate of this intersection is the value of that makes the slope of line L equal to ; this x-value should match the correct answer choice.
Step-by-step Explanation
Find the slope of the given line
Rewrite the equation of the given line in slope-intercept form (solve for y):
The slope of this line is .
Use the perpendicular slope relationship
If two lines are perpendicular, their slopes are negative reciprocals: their product is .
Here the original line has slope , so the slope of any line perpendicular to it must be
So line L must have slope .
Write the slope of line L in terms of a
Line L passes through and . Use the slope formula :
Simplify the numerator and denominator:
So the slope of line L is
Set the slopes equal and solve for a
Because line L is perpendicular to the given line, its slope must be . Set the expression for equal to :
Cross-multiply:
Simplify both sides:
Move all terms involving to one side and constants to the other:
Divide both sides by :
So the correct answer is , which corresponds to choice C.