Question 69·Hard·Linear Equations in Two Variables
Line passes through and is perpendicular to the line , where . If line also passes through , what is the larger of the two possible values of ?
For line-relationship problems, first convert or interpret the given line to find its slope quickly (for , use ). Use the fact that perpendicular lines have slopes that are negative reciprocals, then write the slope of the unknown line a second way using the two given points. Equate the two slope expressions, simplify carefully to a single equation in the parameter (here, ), and solve—often with the quadratic formula—making sure to answer exactly what is asked, such as choosing the larger or smaller solution.
Hints
Find the slope of the given line
Rewrite in slope-intercept form, or recall that for the slope is . What is the slope in terms of ?
Use the perpendicular relationship
If one line has slope and another line is perpendicular to it with slope , what equation relates and ? Use this to express the slope of line in terms of .
Use the two points on line ℓ
Compute the slope of using the points and . Then set that equal to your perpendicular slope expression and solve for .
Be careful solving the quadratic
After you form a quadratic equation in , use the quadratic formula and pay close attention to the discriminant so you don’t make a sign or arithmetic error.
Desmos Guide
Enter the quadratic in Desmos
In Desmos, type the equation y = 4x^2 - 17x + 7. Here, the variable x in Desmos plays the role of in the problem.
Find the solutions for k from the graph
Look at where the parabola crosses the x-axis (its x-intercepts). Click on each intercept to see its x-coordinate; these two x-values are the two possible values of that satisfy the perpendicular and point conditions.
Choose the required value
Compare the two x-intercepts you found in Desmos and identify the larger x-value. That larger x-coordinate is the value of the problem is asking for.
Step-by-step Explanation
Find the slope of the given line in terms of k
The given line is
This is in the form , where and .
For a line , the slope is , so the slope of this line is
Express the slope of the perpendicular line ℓ
Line is perpendicular to the given line.
Perpendicular lines have slopes that are negative reciprocals, so if the first line has slope , then the perpendicular slope satisfies .
Since , the slope of line is
Find the slope of ℓ from the two given points
Line passes through the points and .
The slope using two points and is
So for and ,
Set the two expressions for the slope of ℓ equal and form a quadratic
Both expressions describe the same slope , so set them equal:
Cross-multiply:
Expand both sides:
- Left side: .
- Right side:
Set them equal and bring all terms to one side:
So must satisfy the quadratic equation
Solve the quadratic for k and choose the larger value
Use the quadratic formula for , where , , :
Compute the discriminant:
So
There are two possible values of , and the larger one is