Question 60·Hard·Linear Equations in Two Variables
The system of equations below includes constants and .
The graphs of the two equations intersect at exactly one point on the -axis, and the two lines are perpendicular. What is the value of ?
(Express the answer as an integer)
When a system question mentions where the graphs intersect (like “on the x-axis”) and how the lines are oriented (parallel or perpendicular), first turn those geometry words into algebra: an intersection on the x-axis means at the common point, and perpendicular lines have slopes that multiply to . Use the axis information to pin down the intersection coordinates and any constants you can, then rewrite each equation in slope-intercept form to get the slopes and apply the perpendicular condition. Finally, plug the found constants into the requested expression and simplify carefully, watching signs and fractions.
Hints
Use the x-axis information
If the intersection point is on the x-axis, what must the y-coordinate of that point be? Substitute that into both equations.
Find x and then a
With , the second equation becomes very simple. Use it to find , then plug that into the first equation to solve for .
Translate “perpendicular” into an equation
Write both equations in the form so you can see their slopes. How are the slopes of perpendicular lines related (what does their product equal)?
Finish with the expression in the question
Once you know both and , combine them to find , then multiply by 4 as the question asks.
Desmos Guide
Enter your values for a and b
After solving the system algebraically, add two expressions in Desmos: a = [your value for a] and b = [your value for b] so Desmos treats them as constants.
Graph the two lines to verify the conditions
Type the equations a*x + 4*y = 10 and 3*x + b*y = 6 into Desmos. Check that the graphs intersect at a point on the x-axis (where ) and that the lines meet at a right angle, confirming they are perpendicular.
Use Desmos to evaluate the final expression
In a new line, type 4*(a + b). The numerical result that Desmos shows for this expression is the value you should use as your final answer.
Step-by-step Explanation
Use the fact that the intersection is on the x-axis
If the two lines intersect at a point on the x-axis, that point has coordinates , so at the intersection.
Substitute into both equations:
- First equation: , so .
- Second equation: , so .
From the second equation, solve for :
Now plug into :
Find the slopes of the two lines
Rewrite each equation in slope-intercept form to identify the slopes.
First equation:
- Subtract from both sides:
- Divide by 4:
So the slope of the first line is .
Second equation:
- Subtract from both sides:
- Divide by :
So the slope of the second line is .
Use the perpendicular condition to find b
Perpendicular lines have slopes that are negative reciprocals, so their product is :
Substitute and :
Simplify the left side:
We already found , so substitute that in:
Solve for :
Compute the requested value 4(a + b)
Now use and to find .
First find :
Now multiply by 4:
So the value of is .