Question 114·Hard·Linear Equations in Two Variables
In the -plane, line passes through the point and is perpendicular to the line defined by . Line intersects the line at the point . What is the value of ?
(Express the answer as an integer)
For SAT questions about lines perpendicular to a given line, first convert the given equation to slope-intercept form to read off the slope, then take the negative reciprocal to get the perpendicular slope. Use point-slope form with the given point to write the new line, simplify it, and then solve the intersection with the other line by setting the two expressions for y equal. Keep algebra neat when clearing fractions and combining like terms to avoid small arithmetic errors that can derail the final value such as p + q.
Hints
Start with the given standard-form equation
Rewrite in the form to identify its slope. How do slopes of perpendicular lines relate?
Use the point-slope form for line m
Once you know the slope of line , use the point in the form to write its equation, then simplify to .
Find the intersection with the second line
Set your equation for line equal to and solve for . Then plug that value back into one of the equations to find , and finally add the two coordinates to get .
Desmos Guide
Graph the two lines
Enter the equations of the two lines into Desmos: first type y = (5/2)x + 19 (for line m) and then type y = 3x - 2 on the next line so both graphs appear.
Locate the intersection point
Click or tap on the point where the two lines cross; Desmos will display the coordinates of the intersection as an ordered pair .
Confirm the sum of the coordinates
Use a new expression line to add the intersection coordinates (for example, if the point is labeled A, type A.x + A.y) and check that this matches the value of you found algebraically.
Step-by-step Explanation
Find the slope of the given line
The line is given by .
Rearrange to slope-intercept form (solve for ):
So the slope of this line is .
Find the slope of the perpendicular line m
Slopes of perpendicular lines in the plane are negative reciprocals of each other.
The given line has slope , so the slope of line is the negative reciprocal:
Write the equation of line m using the point (-4, 9)
Use point-slope form with slope and point :
Distribute and simplify:
So line has equation .
Find the x-coordinate of the intersection with y = 3x − 2
At the intersection point , both equations for are equal:
Multiply both sides by 2 to clear the fraction:
Subtract from both sides:
Add 4 to both sides:
So .
Find q and compute p + q
Use in either line; is easiest:
So and the intersection point is .
Now add the coordinates:
Therefore, the value of is .