Question 30·Hard·Linear Equations in One Variable
In the equation below, is a constant.
For what value of does the equation have no solutions?
For this kind of SAT problem, first fully simplify each side by distributing and combining like terms so you have a clean linear equation in the form . Then subtract to get everything on one side: . Analyze that coefficient: if , there is one solution; if but , there are no solutions; and if both are zero, there are infinitely many solutions. Apply this rule directly instead of plugging in each answer choice, which is slower and more error-prone.
Hints
Start by clearing the parentheses
Ignore the phrase 'no solutions' for a moment and first simplify the equation: distribute on both sides so there are no parentheses left.
Collect like terms
After distributing, group the -terms together on each side and the constant (number-only) terms together on each side.
Get to a simple ax = b form
Move all -terms to one side and constants to the other so the equation looks like something times equals a constant. Then think: for what value of does this kind of equation fail to have any solution?
Use the general rule for ax = b
For an equation like , consider what happens when is zero and when is not zero. Apply that idea to the coefficient of you found, which depends on .
Desmos Guide
Enter the two sides as functions
Type the left side as y = ((k-4)/3)*(6x+2) - 5 and the right side as y = (2/3)*(3x + k) + (k-4)*x. Desmos will create a slider for k.
Test each answer choice for k
For each option (), set the slider to that value and look at the two graphs. If the graphs intersect at some point, that value of gives at least one solution for .
Identify the k with no intersection
The correct choice is the value of for which the two lines are distinct and never cross (no intersection point on the graph). That value of makes the original equation have no solutions.
Step-by-step Explanation
Distribute and simplify each side
Start by expanding the parentheses on both sides.
Left side:
This simplifies to
Right side:
Combine like terms on the right to get
Get all x-terms on one side
Now set the simplified left and right sides equal:
Subtract from both sides:
The coefficient becomes , so
Now subtract from both sides:
So the equation is equivalent to
Use the condition for ‘no solutions’ to find k
Think about the simple equation .
- If , then and there is exactly one solution.
- If and , then every works (infinitely many solutions).
- If and , then no value of can satisfy the equation, so there are no solutions.
In our equation , the constant is not zero. For the equation to have no solutions, the coefficient of must be zero:
So the value of that makes the original equation have no solutions is .