The equation
relates the positive numbers , , and . Which equation correctly expresses in terms of and ?
When you see a variable defined by a complex fraction (a fraction whose denominator or numerator contains fractions), first clear the complex fraction by multiplying both sides by that denominator. Then clear all remaining fractions by multiplying by the least common denominator of the smaller fractions (here, ). Once you have a regular linear equation, collect all terms with the target variable on one side, factor that variable out, and divide to isolate it. Carefully track factors and signs, since many wrong choices on the SAT are built from common mistakes like inverting incorrectly or dropping a factor.
Hints
Remove the fraction in the denominator
Treat as a single denominator. How can you multiply both sides of the equation to get rid of that denominator?
Clear all remaining fractions
Once you have an equation involving and , what can you multiply the whole equation by so that and no longer appear in denominators?
Isolate s
After clearing denominators, you will get an equation where appears in more than one term. Put all the terms with on one side, factor out , and then divide to solve for .
Desmos Guide
Choose values for the known variables
Because algebra is the faster primary method, use Desmos to verify the choices. Enter t=3 and v=2, using v to represent .
Enter the four candidate values of s
Use valid single-letter variables for the four choices. Enter a=(2t-v)/(v*t), b=v/(2t-v), c=2v/(t-v), and d=(v*t)/(2t-v).
Substitute each value into the original equation
On separate lines, enter 2/(1/a+1/t), 2/(1/b+1/t), 2/(1/c+1/t), and 2/(1/d+1/t). Compare each result with v; only the expression that evaluates to 2 satisfies the original equation for these values.
Step-by-step Explanation
Clear the complex fraction
Begin with
Multiply both sides by the denominator to get rid of the fraction in the denominator:
Eliminate all denominators
From
distribute :
Now multiply the entire equation by (the common denominator of and ) to clear the remaining fractions:
Collect terms involving s
We now have
Move the term to the right side so that all terms are together:
Factor out of the terms on the right:
Solve for s
From
divide both sides by (which is allowed as long as ):
So expressed in terms of and is , which corresponds to choice D.