Question 139·Easy·Nonlinear Functions
The function is defined by . What is the value of ?
For function-evaluation questions, immediately substitute the given input into the function rule, simplify step by step (especially inside radicals or exponents), and then apply basic facts like being the principal, nonnegative root. Be careful not to introduce extra signs or ignore symbols like the square root—on the SAT, many wrong choices are built from these small but common mistakes.
Hints
Use the definition of function evaluation
To find , replace every in the definition of with .
Work inside the square root first
After you substitute , compute and then simplify before taking the square root.
Think about the meaning of the square root symbol
What is the nonnegative number whose square is ? Remember that the square root symbol refers to the nonnegative root.
Desmos Guide
Enter the function
In Desmos, type p(x) = sqrt(49 - x^2) so the graph of the function is displayed.
Evaluate p(0) numerically
Either (a) add a table for p(x) and enter 0 in the x-column, or (b) type a separate expression sqrt(49 - 0^2). Desmos will show the numerical value of this expression; that is the value of .
Step-by-step Explanation
Substitute x = 0 into the function
We are given .
To find , replace with :
Simplify inside the square root
First compute and then subtract:
So we have
Evaluate the square root
The symbol means the principal (nonnegative) square root. The nonnegative number whose square is is .
Therefore,